Methods and Practices of Performance Appraisal

Techniques and Practices of Performance Appraisal This part gives the premise to the improvement of this examination. It will give a general outline of the important writing and exploration on execution examination and hierarchical responsibility when all is said in done yet with a great deal of accentuation on evaluation meeting, administrative practices during evaluation and workers fulfillment with execution evaluation and full of feeling duty. A short layout of execution the executives, execution evaluation and hierarchical responsibility will initially be talked about as such a general establishment followed by some applicable parts of execution examination, full of feeling duty and completion with an outline of the section. The defense is that it will encourage the conceptualization of the factors that will be inspected in this investigation, demonstrate their visualized connections and further give the premise to their observational assessment. In spite of the fact that the presentation examination meeting is a segment of the entire execution evaluation framework (Giles Mossholder, 1990) be that as it may, it is as yet a significant piece of the evaluation framework since it is the main road for get-together workers suppositions and other data (Roberts, 2002). So also, administrative practices during an evaluation meeting has been shown to be a significant viewpoint which adds to the adequacy of execution examination meeting (Martin Bartol, 1986) consequently some key ideas of execution evaluation meeting and administrative practices will be applied and used to figure the contention that there should be a positive connection between execution evaluation fulfillment and certain administrative practices during a presentation examination meeting. Also, surviving writing and exploration (Dessler, 1999; Paul Anantharaman, 2004) has demonstrated that utilizing execution examinations to create workers may expand their partiality to the association henceforth this audit will explain the rationale for endeavoring to build up a positive connection between execution evaluation fulfillment and full of feeling authoritative duty and the criticalness of such a relationship to associations. 2.2 A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT In the late 1980s and 1990s, associations began actualizing consolidated practices planned for building a culture of execution which included utilizing techniques that were accepted to improve workers contribution towards the general accomplishment of the association alluded to as execution the board (IPM, 1992). Anyway most of these practices (for example objective setting, appraisal and audit) were at that point being utilized by association yet as individual practices (Armstrong Baron, 2005). Armstrong (1998) considers execution to be as a joined and all around arranged strategy used to additionally improve the accomplishment of an association by expanding workers execution and building up the capacities of groups and individual representatives anyway Fletcher (1993a refered to in Armstrong Baron, 1998) considers it to be a technique utilized by associations to create and impart their vision to the workers by empowering them value their own part towards accomplishing the associations vision and in this manner help to oversee and improve the exhibition of both the workers and association while Hendry, Bradley Perkins (1997) trust it is a productive technique used to upgrade the presentation of people and groups to understand the objectives of the association. The definitions above show that exhibition the board is a device utilized by associations to accomplish hierarchical points by adequately dealing with the presentation of representatives and the association in general . A few highlights of execution the board include: various types of examinations (for example 360-degree examination, peer evaluation, self examination); reward techniques (for example execution related compensation, ability related, commitment related compensation); instructing and coaching; vocation the executives/progression arranging and self-improvement plans. 2.3 OBJECTIVES OF PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT As indicated by Armstrong Baron (2005), the point of execution the executives is to upgrade the presentation of workers and the association by further improving great execution, having a thought of the dreams of the association, supporting people to accomplish these points and for the most part guaranteeing a helpful climate for singular development which will eventually affect on the association. Armstrong Baron, (1998) accept that the goals of execution the executives could additionally be separated to the accompanying: A procedure which encourages associations to achieve delayed upgraded execution. It can go about as a mainstay of progress towards building a more exhibition focused custom. Improving workers inspiration and duty. Encouraging worker advancement, improving their work fulfillment and achieving their ideal objectives such that benefits the two representatives and the association. Fortifying cooperation and execution. Encouraging improved correspondence in the work environment among bosses and subordinates throughout the entire year because of constant conversations. Bearing the open door for workers to convey their activity wants and needs. Associations evaluate the result of execution the executives by utilizing suppositions or demeanor reviews of their workers, a few variables utilized are: changes in representative disposition, inspiration, profitability, accomplishment of money related objective, changes in representatives mentality, accomplishment of goals, improved client assistance, advancement of new aptitudes and improved quality (Armstrong Baron, 2005). 2.4 DEFINITION OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL Execution evaluation is the procedure used to survey representatives execution frequently against some concurred work objectives to empower associations take a few choices. Execution evaluation is a proper procedure of providing representatives with an unambiguous input dependent on their work execution (Carroll Schneier, 1982 refered to in Dobbins, Cardy Platz Vieno, 1992) however can likewise happen in a casual and in some cases profoundly one-sided structure in any association (Fletcher, 1997). Execution evaluation is accepted to have begun from American yet has been altered to suit the UK showcase (see Beer et al, 1978). A viable exhibition evaluation should look to comprehend why objectives have been/not been accomplished to illuminate the workers capacities and by so doing comprehend what preparing/improvement the representative requires (Anderson, 1991). A few meanings of execution evaluation have been advanced and some of them are: An open door for the individual and those worried about their presentation most as a rule their line director to get together to participate in an exchange about the people execution, improvement and the help required from the supervisor (CIPD ,2009). Execution examination is, the proper evaluation and rating of people by their directors at, generally, a yearly audit meeting (Armstrong, 2006, p.9). An exhibition examination is an approach to normally record an evaluation of a workers execution, potential and improvement needs. The examination is a chance to take a general perspective on work substance, burdens and volume, to think back on what has been accomplished during the revealing time frame and concur destinations for the following (ACAS, p.3). Execution examination is the way toward characterizing desires for worker execution: estimating, assessing and recording representative execution according to those desires; and giving criticism to the representative. While a significant reason for execution examination is to impact, in a positive way, worker execution and improvement, the procedure likewise is utilized for an assortment of other hierarchical purposes, for example, deciding legitimacy pay builds arranging future execution objectives, deciding preparing and advancement needs and evaluating limited time capability of representatives. (Bartol Martin, 1991 p.421 refered to in Coates, 1994). Execution examination is likewise characterized as, a term once connected with a fairly essential procedure including a line chief finishing a yearly report on a subordinates execution and (for the most part however not continually) talking about it with the person in question in an examination talk with (Fletcher, 2001, p.473) he further expressed that however this depiction despite everything remains constant in certain associations that presentation evaluation is currently a general term used to portray such a significant number of practices utilized by associations to assess representatives and build up their capacities, improve execution and disperse rewards which infers that the utilization to which execution examination is put could affect on both administrative practices and workers fulfillment. 2.5 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL Albeit a few associations now and then utilize the articulations execution the board and execution evaluation to mean very much the same, there are contrasts between them. Execution the executives is, a complete, constant and adaptable way to deal with the administration of associations, groups and people which includes the most extreme measure of discourse between those concerned (Armstrong Baron, 2005, p.14) while execution examination which is smaller involves administrators surveying and scoring their subordinates in an evaluation audit. Execution examination assumes a significant job in the exhibition the executives framework since it is the medium used to clarify the objectives and goals of an association, it is likewise the principle device utilized for representatives execution evaluation and improvement. It is accepted that with the rise of execution the board with its more extensive viewpoint, that presentation evaluation currently has an essential assignment in a progressively fused and lively arrangement of HR frameworks which infers that exhibition examination can achieve beyond what it could all alone (Fletcher, 1997). Armstrong Baron (2005) featured some admired highlights that separate execution the executives from execution evaluation since it has been noticed that the two terms are regularly mistaken for one another (Bevan Thompson, 1991

ENZYMOLOGY LAB 1 Essays - Measurement, Laboratory Equipment

ENZYMOLOGY LAB 1 Essays - Measurement, Laboratory Equipment RESULTS A - The mass of the pennies CentsWeighed MassMass by DifferenceDifference #11.73g1.73g0g #21.72g1.72g0g #31.72g1.72g0g #41.73g1.73g0g #51.73g1.73g0g Complete mass8.63g Absolute mass - #56.90g Staying mass - #45.17g Staying mass - #33.45g Staying mass - #21.73g Staying mass - #10g Mass by difference=Total mass - ( Total mass - #5 ) =1.73g Difference=Weighed mass - mass by contrast =1.73g - 1.73g =0g Mean=1.73 + 1.72 + 1.72 + 1.73 + 1.73 5 =8.63/5 =1.73 MassMeanMass - Mean( Mass - Mean )2 1.731.7300 1.721.73( - )1 1.721.73( - )1 1.731.7300 1.731.7300 Standard deviation= =0 + 1 + 1 + 0 + 0 5 =0.4 B - The precision of the micropipettes Volume of refined water (l) (Expected result)Weight of refined water (mg) (Obtained result)Percentage of micropipettes 1000.11mg0.11% 5000.50mg0.10% 10001.01mg0.10% Your chose volume ( 900 )0.90mg0.10% Percentage=0.11mg X 100% 100 =0.11% C - Plotting an absorbance range Frequency ( nm )Absorbance 1Absorbance 2*Average of absorbance 5400.6300.6170.624 5600.5530.5480.551 6000.5820.5850.584 6100.6230.6160.620 6200.6180.6130.616 Conversation Systematic reasoning is a basic segment of visual reasoning that enables one to take care of issues rapidly and successfully. It includes an orderly bit by bit way to deal with imagining that permits to take care of an issue. Social affair pertinent data and distinguishing key issues identified with this data are procedures of explanatory reasoning. This kind of reasoning additionally requires to look at sets of information from various sources. A scientific scholar as a rule will recognize conceivable circumstances and logical results examples, and make suitable inferences from these datasets so as to accomplish proper arrangements. Diagnostic reasoning is essential to take a gander at something through various perspectives with the target to make a reason and an impact. Other than that, with systematic reasoning, realities can be utilized to help the end and line of reasoning. Logical reasoning lead us to have a more concentration and smoothed out way to deal with arrangement findi ng. Micropipettes are intended to move and measure exceptionally limited quantities of fluid. They can used to gauge volume as low as 0.1 microlitre. Micropipettes require expendable tips that interact with the liquid. Micropipettes come in numerous sizes. The most normally utilized micropipettes in research facility are the P-10, P-20, P-200 and P-1000. The number alludes to the most extreme volume ( measure in microlitre ) that can be transfered. The four standard sizes of micropipettes compare to four distinctive expendable tip hues. P-10 is white in shading, P-20 and P-200 are yellow in shading and P-1000 is blue in shading. Equalizations are intended to meet the particular gauging prerequisite in the research facility. These parities come in exactness plans and working qualities that permits making speedy and precise estimations. There are numerous sorts of parities can be found in research facility. Electronic parity, scientific equalization and accuracy gauging balance are th e most regularly utilized adjusts. Electronic adjusts gives their outcomes in advanced, making them a simple apparatus to be utilized. Logical offsets accompany the most elevated exactness for fulfilling the needs of diagnostic gauging forms. Exactness gauging balances are research facility standard high accuracy adjusts that depend on most recent procedure innovation and highlights best showed augmentation of 0.001g (1mg) with greatest limit accessible. A spectrometer is any instrument used to test a property of light as an element of its segment of the electromagnetic range, regularly its frequency, recurrence, or vitality. The property being estimated is generally power of light, yet different factors like polarization can likewise be estimated. there are four kinds of spectrometer which are optical spectrometer, mass spectrometer and time-of-flight spectrometer. Optical spectrometer show the power of light as an element of frequency or of recurrence. Mass spectrometer is utilize d to distinguish the sum and kind of synthetic concoctions present in an example. Further, time-of-flight spectrometer is utilized to decide the hour of trip between two locators with the goal that vitality range of particles of realized mass can be estimated. End As an end, it is essential to be a systematic scholar so as to tackle issues that we are looking in every day life. Other than that, as a science understudies, we should realize how to deal with a gear suitably for the right uses. Further, appropriate lab procedure aptitudes must be polished so as to get exact outcome for a trial and furthermore to keep away from any mishaps. QUESTIONS 1.One of the lab gear that we usually use in research center is autoclave. An autoclave is a weight chamber used to disinfect hardware and supplies by exposing them to high weight . Weight applied is typically 121C and the time is relies upon the size of the

Financial Aid in Education Essay -- Persuasive Argumentative Essays

Money related Aid in Education A person in $50,000 of obligation must be flighty with his cash right? All things considered, almost certainly, he is an understudy. A huge number of understudies around the nation are in a money related scrape in light of the government?s unoriginal monetary guide approaches. The bureaucratic government?s current framework has such a large number of eccentricities which wind up harming the individuals that monetary guide should help. The government should change its money related guide strategies to take a few additional elements, for example, the level of instructive costs paid by the understudy, into account. Under the current framework, all understudies applying for government help record a structure called the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). This structure is intended to make sense of the measure of cash a family can dish out for training, or the Expected Family Contribution (EFC). Accepting the understudy doesn't meet all requirements for autonomous status, both the normal commitments from the understudy and the guardians are remembered for the EFC. All together for an understudy to get free status you must be hitched or beyond twenty four years old. In the wake of recording the FAFSA, the understudy will get back a Student Aid Report (SAR) which incorporates the Expected Family Contribution. The manner in which most schools decide the measure of help you will get is to deduct the Expected Family Contribution from the absolute expenses of the college. Absolute expenses incorporate such things as educational cost, food and lodging, protection, and different incidental costs. The understudy gets the distinction in credits and awards. An advance is money related guide that should be taken care of, ordinarily after the understudy graduates. An award doesn't need to be taken care of. A grant... ...y the legislature. There are a few little ways that the legislature could improve their money related guide approaches to make them increasingly receptive to the understudy. I accept that the entirety of the progressions I have recommended are achievable. They may take some fiddling, yet at long last they would be an improvement. These progressions would cause it workable for the FAFSA to additional to reasonably speak to the requirements of the understudy. It could never damage to have the administration placed more cash into training, however regardless of whether they don't, they have to make a superior showing of circulating the guide they give. Sources Cited: Kantrowitz, Mark. Monetary Aid Estimation Calculator. FinAid. 1999. http://www.finaid.org/number crunchers/finaidestimate.phtml (13 Nov 00) DAV. Understudy Guide 2000-2001. U.S. Division of Education. 2000. http://www.ed.gov/prog_info/SFA/StudentGuide/2000-1/index.html (13 Nov 00)

Impact of Globalisation

Question: Fundamentally break down the effect of Globalization on prosperity in created economies? Answer: Presentation: The development of speculation assets and organizations across national markets far and wide is globalization. Globalization builds the availability of various markets. In any case, the idea and meaning of globalization is unpredictable in nature. The advancement of globalization occurred in the crude occasions. Already individuals settled in various pieces of the world however their necessities probably won't be satisfied inside the regions. So for universal dynamism, for innovative progression, to expand productivity and size of creation, nations arranged on the five landmasses must be interconnected, related and occupied with every monetary movement. We realize that globalization crucially affects the creating countries however for the exposition we require to know the effect of globalization on the prosperity of the created countries. Significant inquiries that should be addressed is what precisely is globalization and how it happens? What is prosperity and its pointer? What's mo re, in particular who are created nations. (Kolodko, n.d.) (Haugen Mach, 2010) Key issues: Advancement of Globalization: As said before that globalization is a crude idea. Globalization happened when individuals from various district used to designate to different areas with the end goal of business, better living, acquire benefits and so on. Indeed, even now this convention proceeds yet in a progressively orderly manner. Globalization is a powerful procedure to disseminate business all inclusive, and getting innovative headways and monetary turn of events. The goal of the globalization is to build up association among countries so as to give derisive serious position low working expenses, so as to get more prominent number of items, administrations and purchasers. A serious situation is made by the broadening of crude materials and assets. (Akram Ch, Faheem, Bin Dost Abdullah, 2011) Parts of globalization: For understanding the effect of globalization on the prosperity of the created economies, we have to know the components of globalization. The constituents incorporate GDP which is the proportion of the economys absolute yield, industrialization and the Human Development Index (HDI). The change of a nation to a modernized economy is finished by mechanical changes, social changes and financial turn of events. This is the procedure of Industrialization. In conclusion, HDI is progressively similar to a pointer involving future, instruction marker estimated by grown-up education and the per capita pay. (Khan, 2012) Created Nations: Nations portraying a striking financial turn of events and can accomplish a decent status regarding GDP, industrialization and HDI is characterized as a Developed Country or Nation. In light of this definition, a portion of the created or industrialized nations are: United States, United Kingdom, Norway, Denmark, France, Germany, France, Japan, Sweden, Switzerland and so on. Prosperity and its pointers: Prosperity is characterized as the procedure of how individuals feel and how they work either by and by or socially and individuals will in general assess their lives. To comprehend the monetary prosperity at the national level, it is imperative to comprehend the essential markers of the financial prosperity. These markers are: Real Gross Domestic Product per capita, Real NNDI per capita, Household Income per head, Unemployment rate, Inflation rate, Human Development Index. Every one of these pointers must show a positive impulse to show that globalization had positive on them. (Krueger, 2009) Effect of globalization on prosperity of created economies: With the appearance of globalization, nations currently can contend on an overall premise. The creation restructing, worldwide exchange and the budgetary market absorption is realized by globalization. With the better availability between nations, the creating nations need innovations to improve their economys development. The created countries have the foundation and assets to advance, concoct and present cutting edge innovation with which they can fare to other creating country. This prompts capital inflow in the created countries. Age of FDI, giving a superior chance of capital inflows is one of the positive purposes of globalization. Different financial analysts have attempted to assess the effect of globalization dependent on a few variables which incorporate exchange, capital streams, GDP per capita, FDI and so on. Nations having relative bit of leeway take part in exchange and this outcome in development in the individual economy. It additionally develops a connection between' s the exchange streams transparency and the financial presentation and development. We refer to a created nation, the United States and think about its FDI (net inflows), Trade level of GDP and level of GDP per capita development inside the year 2010-2013. The information uncovers that under globalization FDI has expanded, exchange rate has improved thus there is likewise predictable development in the United States. (Tvaronaviã„⠍ienã„â€, GrybaitㄆTunã„⠍ikienã„â€, 2013) Information of United States during the year 2010-2013 A long time Outside direct speculation, net inflows (BoP, current US$) 2010 2.59344E+11 2011 2.5741E+11 2012 2.17778E+11 2013 2.94971E+11 A long time Exchange (% of GDP) 2010 28 2011 31 2012 31 2013 31 A long time Gross domestic product per capita development (yearly %) 2010 1.7 2011 0.9 2012 1.6 2013 1.5 Information Source: (Data.worldbank.org, 2013) A portion of these components characterize the monetary prosperity marker. With the chance of expanded work power cooperation because of globalization the worldwide joblessness rate diminishes. The headway of the world dependent on GDP from 2010 to 2013 is $65.21 trillion to $75.59 trillion. This shows the NNDI per capita is increased which prompts a superior way of life around the world. Opening up of exchange likewise improves exchange relations among nations. With the exchange of innovation and different exercises the wellbeing segment, instruction division is improved, making the created countries rank high as far as HDI. This again demonstrates the prosperity of the created countries. The present future during childbirth is 71 years (2012). (Breznitz Zysman, 2013) (McDonald, 2013) Be that as it may, globalization may not generally yield positive outcomes. The transparency and free nature of exchange likewise climbs the danger of disappointment in little organizations who can't contend universally. Another negative effect is that the residential businesses in certain nations are hampered and gets imperiled. (Tvaronaviã„⠍ienã„â€, GrybaitㄆTunã„⠍ikienã„â€, 2013) End: The reality of the effect of globalization on the prosperity in created countries is to give a field to diminish macroeconomic unpredictability on yield and utilization with the assistance of enhancement of risk. The globalization might be appeared as a positive idea just profiting the world overall yet the negative parts of the globalization can't be overlooked. The hardship of the residential makers can prompt the termination certain items, it can likewise prompt a potential circumstance of joblessness which will in the long run hamper the prosperity of the economy. (Ritzer, 2011) References Akram Ch, M., Faheem, M., Bin Dost, M. furthermore, Abdullah, I. (2011).Globalization and its Impacts on the World Economic Development. [online] https://ijbssnet.com/. Accessible at: https://ijbssnet.com/diaries/Vol_2_No_23_Special_Issue_December_2011/36.pdf [Accessed 11 Feb. 2015]. Breznitz, D. what's more, Zysman, J. (2013).The third globalization. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Data.worldbank.org, (2013).United States | Data. [online] Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/nation/US [Accessed 11 Feb. 2015]. Haugen, D. what's more, Mach, R. (2010).Globalization. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Khan, D. (2012). Globalization and its effect on Indian Higher Education: Promises and Perils.Global Journal For Research Analysis, 2(1), pp.27-28. Kolodko, G. (n.d.). Globalization and Its Impact on Economic Development.SSRN Journal. Krueger, A. (2009).Measuring the abstract prosperity of countries. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. McDonald, I. (2013). The Measurement of Well-Being: Introduction.Australian Economic Review, 46(1), pp.59-61. Ritzer, G. (2011).Globalization. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Tvaronaviã„⠍ienã„â€, M., Grybaitã„â€, V. what's more, Tunã„⠍ikienã„â€, Ã…  ½. (2013). Globalization drivers in created and less created nations: if reliable examples can be traced.Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues, 2(4), pp.5-11.

The power of an advertisement Free Essays

The intensity of a commercial lies on its capacity to incite enthusiasm from its crowd. The second the crowd sees the advertisement, it ought to have the ability to bait its crowd into turning into its willing buyers and this appeal must be sufficiently able to make an unwavering business sector. These days, in any case, this has gotten progressively hard to do. We will compose a custom exposition test on The intensity of a promotion or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now With the purchasers getting more astute and increasingly incredulous of what they see in the public arena and nature, promoters must make progressively creative approaches to contact them. Promotions today need an increasingly worldwide reach so that they need to contact each part of every day life making new types of address progressively basic. The promotion by the apparel organization Diesel shrewdly accomplishes this. From the start, it promptly requests the consideration of the customer. The unimportant thought of a youngster stooping to ask brings out a feeling of cognizant reflection. In reality as we know it where everything appears to highlight materiality and satisfaction of common wants, it is a clever plan to utilize confidence to catch consideration. The youngster, in easygoing Italian Diesel pants and shirt having that look all over demonstrating that of a plan supplication, imaginatively depicts an idea of otherworldliness or most likely its unexpected absence. It requests to its crowd and features the job that confidence play in the public eye; its significance and importance. At more critical look, the man is obviously asking while on the treadmill. This adds to the interest since it represents the way of life of the adolescent and society when all is said in done. The words â€Å"live fast† on the base, with content impacts and all, improves the intrigue of a quick paced world. The way that the man wears a watch likewise accept the possibility of a general public where time is significant and basic utilization of it must be utilized. The character that the advertisement has set up is effectively accepted and related. Joined together, the promotion abuses the incongruity between the quick moving way of life of individuals and the moderate domain of reflection and supplication. It is somewhat hard to accommodate connected with petition into a world that basically restrains it. With a way of life that appears to advance just go back and forth, as to be seen cautiously from the â€Å"pray runner† treadmill, the alternative of putting everything on hold in supplication and confidence is impossible. This striking picture endeavors to stand apart among all the disarray that commercials bring, and it succeeds. Jacobson et al talks about that regularly, â€Å"ads talk straightforwardly to our deepest, unsaid necessities, proffering insufficient palliatives for genuine social and individual problems† (Jacobson et al, 1995). Advertisements may end up being insufficient answers for genuine issues yet the thought behind it is to make a road for profound idea and consideration, a mode to catch the consumers’ internal reflections and impact and direct them towards the brand. In this the Diesel advertisement progresses admirably. The thought inferred in the advertisement might be viewed as to give a social analysis while presenting a way of life equipped towards industrialism. The thought business request and presentation of contention makes a space for contrast and having the option to make the two meet methods having the option to vanquish progressively different markets. As Giroux brings up, those that stun individuals have become the best methods for getting to the shoppers. (Giroux, 1994) Moreover, as the advertisement is planned to elevate to purchasers its online stores; it adequately transfers that quick ways of life need quick methods of expending. In this way, through the web, Diesel gives the accommodations of â€Å"high speed shopping†. It works successfully as an objective explicit advertisement yet it might be viewed as a promotion focused on the overall population too. The effect that it infers and connects with the brand will wait on in the psyches of its customers, and it would not make any difference whether they buy on the web or at the stores. The promotion teaches living quick on its crowds and in this manner the cutting edge way of life of individuals today is held in close relationship to the brand. The advertisement endeavors to make a feeling of connection, an association with the advanced customers and it fortifies that promoting charms itself to the day by day elements of present day life. (Vanderbilt, 1997) In all, the Diesel advertisement utilizes a bright method to address the consumers’ look for the importance of open certainties. It successfully catches the consideration of its crowd by making a picture straightforwardly expected to bring out human sentiments of ethics and standards. The advertisement utilizes incongruity to address society and the way of life that individuals at present have. It helps individuals to remember their confidence, qualities and tendencies however does as such in a manner that isn't negative and denouncing. Simultaneously it proposes an answer outfitted towards commending the quick paced universe of society, effectively making an effect for the Diesel brand. The advertisement turns into an integral asset for Diesel to interface with its buyers and ingrain on them a suffering impact that would last regardless of whether the ad’s thought of supplication and confidence had not. The most effective method to refer to The intensity of a promotion, Papers

A confidential look at our Fall 2017 applicants COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A confidential look at our Fall 2017 applicants COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog As a member of the Admissions Committee, I finally have a chance to breathe after long days trapped in conference rooms and even longer evenings and weekends strapped to my home office desk. So Im spending my down time to address some looming questions I get every year, which drills down to what do your applicants look like? Dont shake your laptop in frustration, but the truth is there is no hard-and-fast rule on SIPAs ideal applicant. And I wouldnt want there to be one. The Admissions Committee values diversity in all facets because that diversity makes for more dynamic and interesting conversations both inside and outside of the classroom. We want you to learn from both your professors and your peers! However, I know no ones ever satisfied with that answer, so I went data mining in our application system to give you  an insiders look at our applicants and their behaviors. Heres a backstage peek of our Fall 2017 MIA, MPA and MPA-DP applicants. This first chart doesnt seem to change each year. It shows a timeline of when everyone submitted their applications for review to the Fall 2017 term (full-time students only). If you remember this years deadlines, its easy to tell where the spikes in applications occurred. The application went live in mid-August 2016 and they quietly trickled in for the Spring 2017 deadline (Oct. 15), and the Fall 2017 early-action deadline (Nov. 2). Then they skyrocketed in time for our scholarship deadline (Jan. 5) and the final application deadline (Feb. 5). As you can see, everyone is a fan of procrastinating, and thus, waits until the last minute to submit their application for review. I understand the  reasoning behind it, but it can be a real challenge for everyone in the Admissions Office when so many applicants wait until the end and  want  their hands held from  someone in our office (did I mention there are only five of us for all of you?). So do me a favor: if your friend applies to SIPA in the future, encourage them to turn in things well before the deadline. Thanks. ?? Never surprising is the fact that most of you said you want to be considered for fellowship (1/blue = yes and 0/green is no). So thats  why our scholarship/fellowship deadline is a month before the final application deadline; and why we cant consider anyone for aid past the deadline. The Admissions Committee needs the extra time to review everyones materials and make decisions. While  awards can go up to full tuition and fees, the average award for incoming students is half tuition and fees; but that can vary depending on how strong the applicant pool is.  So if you’re still researching funding sources, check out  our External Funding database  today and browse the SIPA Funding page for insights into the average awards for assistantships (which are only available to second-year students). This chart gives you a sense of the applications by degree program, which  reflects that of the class size in general. The MIA/MPA programs are larger, around 425-450 students combined, and theres another 50 for the MPA-DP program. Another question Im often asked is which concentration is the most popular. My answer is theyre pretty evenly split among the six degree programs, and this chart supports that for the most part. The next question Im asked is if your odds of admission increase or decrease with a programs popularity. The answer: absolutely not. Im never comparing one applicant to another. As long as youre qualified, put your best foot forward, and apply by the application deadline, your application will be reviewed and youll have an equal chance of admission. With advancements in technology, I can actually link the application system to the blog and easy tell  who has visited  the Admissions Blog this year.   So when applicants call or email me asking for advice about something they read on the Blog, I can just access their account to get a sense of which articles they were reviewing so I can better assist them. (Creepy or cool?!) While digging through this tracking data, I found it interesting to see that when I break down our applicants by concentration they closely mirror that of the ones who have visited the blog. I like to interpret it as meaning the blog is so  popular that  everyone  is reading it! (OK, so it’s not an exact link, but you get the hint.) A couple more questions I get are about if theres a particular track  applicants can travel to increase their odds of admission. Of course its a no but to put that in perspective I wanted to share a look at how many applicants are Peace Corps and Armed Forces members. Both designations are a sliver of our overall pool, and no one should ever feel obligated to pursue a path that isnt for them. However, we recognize the importance of creating a diverse class so we are slowly increasing these figures in order to help these communities have access to an advanced education. Speaking of diversity, youve also probably heard us discuss our large network of more than 20,000 alumni from 150 countries, and were not kidding. In fact, just looking at our applicant pool its easy to see just how far we reach.  This year, our applicants called 152 different countries home: Afghanistan Greece Philippines Albania Guatemala Poland Algeria Guinea Portugal Angola Guinea-Bissau Qatar Argentina Haiti Romania Armenia Honduras Russia Australia Hong Kong S.A.R. Rwanda Austria Hungary Saint Barthelemy Azerbaijan Iceland Saint Kitts and Nevis Bangladesh India Saint Lucia Belarus Indonesia Saudi Arabia Belgium Iran Senegal Benin Iraq Serbia Bhutan Ireland Sierra Leone Bolivia Israel Singapore Bosnia and Herzegovina Italy Slovakia Botswana Jamaica Slovenia Brazil Japan Solomon Islands Bulgaria Jordan Somalia Burkina Faso Kazakhstan South Africa Burundi Kenya South Korea Cambodia Kosovo South Sudan Cameroon Kuwait Spain Canada Kyrgyzstan Sri Lanka Cape Verde Laos Sudan Central African Republic Lebanon Sweden Chad Liberia Switzerland Chile Libya Syria China Macau S.A.R. Taiwan Christmas Island Madagascar Tajikistan Colombia Malawi Tanzania Congo (Brazzaville) Malaysia Thailand Congo (Kinshasa) Malta The Gambia Costa Rica Mexico Timor-Leste Cote DIvoire Moldova Trinidad and Tobago Croatia Mongolia Tunisia Cuba Morocco Turkey Cyprus Mozambique Uganda Czech Republic Myanmar Ukraine Denmark Namibia United Arab Emirates Dominican Republic Nepal United Kingdom Ecuador Netherlands United States Egypt New Zealand Uruguay El Salvador Nicaragua Uzbekistan Ethiopia Niger Venezuela Fiji Nigeria Vietnam Finland Norway Yemen France Pakistan Zambia Georgia Palestine Zimbabwe Germany Paraguay Ghana Peru Lastly, decisions will go out in mid-March 2017 on a rolling basis. I cant give you an exact date, but I can tell you were finalizing the review process as I type out this sentence. There are checks and balances in place that the Admissions Office has to do by hand to ensure accurate results, so please be patient with us. As soon as your admissions decision is ready we will email you the news. Just be patient. And good luck to all of our applicants! [Modified Photo Courtesy of CreateHER Stock]

Failure of Facebook - Free Essay Example

We are in the middle of a privacy crisis regarding our online information, we may think our information is safe online but is it? Privacy is something we all need and deserve and the possibility that some of our information could be getting into the wrong hands is alarming to say the least. This example of Facebook is just one of the thousands of online companies out there, we trust them but now that trust is being put to the test. People dont use Facebook nearly as much as when it first came out, our generation is into other things like Snapchat and Instagram. Ironically Instagram is owned by Facebook, hopefully they dont follow in their same footsteps. So what did Facebook actually do with the private information of their users? In their 14 years of existence Facebook seems to have had a problem with keeping certain things private. When they introduced the news feed in 2006 people didnt like how everything they did was being put out there on their friends news feeds. The feed would give updates about anything you do on the website whether it be a comment or a picture, everyone you have on your friends list could see it pop up in their feed. Eventually people started to get accustomed to the news feed and its a pretty big part of Facebooks success. Then in 2007, Facebook had their first encounter with advertising privacy issues. Zuckerberg created something so that companies were able to track what a user has bought and then advertise that product to all of their friends sometimes without that person even knowing. After people found out Zuckerberg issued an apology and gave the users a choice to either use it or turn it off. Finally, the mistake that really put Facebook in a downward spiral was in 2011 where Facebook shared information with advertisers despite them promising that they wouldnt. Third-party apps were able to access nearly all of your information even private posts without user consent. As of March 2018, Zuckerberg finally came out and said that they knew about the privacy issues but did not do much to stop them. He proposed new ways of going about this including more privacy restrictions and something that allows you to see who has access to your information. Theres going to be an option that allows you to withdraw certain companies access to your information depending on if you trust them or not. Some people may be thinking that they dont care who sees their information because they have nothing to hide. This is true for certain people, however the fact that these companies could have been browsing what you like to do and what you post means that they could control what you see to persuade you to buy their product. Also if an employer wants to get to know more about you they could do a quick Facebook search and have access to things that they probably shouldnt know about. This is problematic because it would influence their decision to hire you or not. Privacy is something that should never be meddled with, everyone is entitled to it and as humans we crave and need it. Facebook crossed a line that made us realize that maybe those private posts arent so private after all. Im hoping that Facebook pulls themselves together and create a safe and private platform that would allow users to have a clear conscience knowing their information is protected. Sadly, a great company like Facebook hit this major roadblock which costed them greatly. Facebook will not be viewed the same anymore and I believe that the death of Facebook is imminent.

Essay about Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace Case...

How Do You Feel? quot;Emotional intelligencequot; is starting to find its way into companies, offering employees a way to come to terms with their feelings -- and to perform better. But as the field starts to grow, some worry that it could become just another fad. From: Issue 35| June 2000 | Page 296 By: Tony Schwartz Illustrations by: Cynthia Von Buhler Appreciation, apprehension, defensiveness, inadequacy, intimidation, resentment. Twenty midlevel executives at American Express Financial Advisors are gathered in a room at a conference center outside Minneapolis. Each has been asked to try to convey a specific emotion -- by reading a particular statement aloud. The challenge for listeners is to figure out which emotion each speaker†¦show more content†¦quot;Were introducing people to a whole new language.quot; Most attendees of these emotional-competence workshops are compelled to learn a new language for one simple reason: Theyre visiting a foreign land. Over the past 50 years, large companies have embraced a business dictum that told workers to check their emotions at the door. A legacy from the days of quot;The Organization Manquot; and quot;The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit,quot; this never-spoken but widely shared policy reflected the sensibility that frowned on employees who brought messy emotions and troubling personal issues to work. Employees, for their part, complied with that prevailing mind-set. Until recently, the workplace was dominated by male employees -- and most of them were just as eager as their employers were to avoid the ambiguous complications and unexplored terrain of personal feelings. One notable exception to that tacit pact occurred in the 1970s and early 1980s, when the influence of the human-potential movement prompted a brief corporate romance with such experiential techniques as sensitivity training and encounter groups. But those approaches lacked the rigor to endure. Before long, business got back to business. A backlash set in, and the focus returned to no-nonsense training methods that were highlyShow MoreRelatedManagement Assignment: Human Intelligence Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagesconcentrated upon the intelligence of individuals and held the point of view that intelligent people in terms of IQ succeeded more. However, these ideas are continually challenged by the idea of emotional intelligence being key indicators of management performance (cited in Khosravi, Manafi, Hojabri, Aghapour and Gheshmi, 2011, pg 3). Emotional intelligence is ones ability to perceive and regulate other people’s emotions (cited in Sadri, 2012, pg 536). In present soci ety, emotional intelligence of managementRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Organizational Leadership1445 Words   |  6 PagesEmotional Intelligence and Organizational Leadership Various authors have been debating the issue of emotional intelligence and organizational leadership. However, the existing discourse on the matter has been hampered in terms of limited theoretical applications. Moreover, many analysts have failed to propose effective relationships among constructs, thus failing to offer any meaningful relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational leadership. Nevertheless, many authors offerRead MoreEmotional Intelligence : Can It Be Taught At Distance Learning Mba Programs?1055 Words   |  5 PagesEmotional Intelligence Students Name University Name, Course Number Emotional Intelligence: Can it be taught in Distance Learning MBA Programs? Today, managers need more than just top notch technical and intellectual skills. Leaders in healthcare, business and technology are learning that successful managers need high Emotional Quotient (EQ) or Emotional Intelligence (EI) to work effectively. This paper will define EQ and EI and then explore why these skills improve workplace functioningRead MoreEmotional Intelligence ( Eq )1651 Words   |  7 Pagesemployment. Much success in the workplace can be contributed to one’s emotional intelligence (EQ) or their understanding of emotions in themselves and co-workers which can use to form positive collegial relationships (Cherniss Exetin, 2006). The book Emotional Intelligence 2.0 by Bradberry and Greaves (2009), effectively explains what Emotional Intelligence and provides useful strategies to improve one’s EQ. However, while the book has a foundation in scientific study, it is not much more than a glorifiedRead MoreEmotional Intelligence and Leadership1065 Words à ‚  |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Introduction What is Daniel Golemans Theory of Emotional Intelligence? How does Golemans theory relate to leadership in the workplace or in the political milieu? Why is image management important for leadership? Answers to these and other issues will be presented in this paper. Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Daniel Goleman uses an analogy to present his theory on emotional intelligence; he notes that it was Super Bowl Sunday, and the game wasRead MoreFostering Emotional and Social Intelligence in Organizations1410 Words   |  6 PagesFostering Emotional and Social Intelligence in Organizations The concept Emotional and Social intelligence or ESI is no new term; it is the outcome of a research almost 35 years old. Being the product of a multidisciplinary research approach, it is considered a significant tool to examine behavioural competencies and their impact on performance. Social, Personal and Practical Intelligence Philosophers and social scientists have observed 3 types of intelligence: * abstract intelligence, *Read MoreHuman Resource Management: Health Care Organization1812 Words   |  7 Pageshandling many patients and at the same time, they are not too free when the number of patients in the facility is low. Occupational health and safety It is important for every organization to care for the health and safety of their workers in the workplace. Occupational health and safety is a challenge in health care organizations since the workers deal with sharps and other items that can cause serious injuries. The goals of occupational health and safety programs to make sure the work environmentRead MoreThe Importance of Emotional Intelligence In Kreamer ´s Article Go Ahead - Cry At Work1296 Words   |  6 Pagesbattle for equality in the workplace. Leadership positions and salary negotiations are what normally come to mind when discussing the obstacles that women face at work. An article that appeared in Time Magazine called â€Å"Go Ahead- Cry at Work†, by Anne Kreamer, discusses Kreamer’s personal challenges with expressing her emotions at work, along with the overall struggle that women face when trying to find a â€Å"socially appropriate way to express legitimate anger in the workplace† (Kreamer). The article discussesRead MoreEmotional Intelligence Reflection Paper1558 Words   |  7 PagesReflect on Your Emotional Intelligence This paper is aimed at evaluating my own emotional intelligence while subsequent parts of the paper will discuss how this emotional intelligence affects other aspects of human life like business, religion and politics. In this part of the paper, I will reflect on and demonstrate the skills and the knowledge needed to enable one to accurately see and understand the emotional strengths, weaknesses and nuances of other workers at the workplace. The parameters forRead MoreThe Achievement Of Emotional Balance And Customer Retention1323 Words   |  6 PagesMost books on human relations in the workplace contain strategies on effective workplace practices. Developing and maintaining a strategic plan is the responsibility of a leader. The use of appropriate strategies improves not only the atmosphere of the work environment but also productivity. Leaders should understand the implications of developing and maintaining a productive workplace. Focusing on developing improved lines of communication between co-workers and management will lead to job satisfaction

Television Censorship in the Past and Present Essay example

Television Censorship in the Past and Present Typing in the web address http://www.censorship.com, I begin my search for information regarding the controversial subject. After a few seconds of waiting for the site to load, a black background comes up, with black font displaying the message: This site is not accessible because it is categorized as: Sex, Violence, Language. I immediately highlight the web address and annoyingly thrash at the delete button on my keyboard and watch it disappear. Jeez, everything is censored nowadays! Frustrated, I decide to take a break. I get up from my computer, drop my tired body onto the couch, and turn on the T.V. Once the picture becomes clear, I am greeted by a completely bare behind! The†¦show more content†¦Hence, censorship was regarded as an extremely honorable task (Censorship). Perhaps one of the most well known cases of censorship in history involves Socrates. Sentenced to drink poison 399 BC, his corruption of youth and his participation in activities that were considered unorthodox considered him unacceptable by the government. However, Socrates was not the first to be punished for the immoral acts of his time. This first look at censorship has continuously been upheld by other countries such as China and the Soviet Union, and has evolved into the extensive censorship we have in the United States today (The Long...). As were many of the laws in history, much censorship was created around the focus of religion as well. The Catholic Church controlled much of the publications for its universities If something was in the process of becoming published, the Church would have to approve it being morally correct and suitable (Censorship). Then, censorship spilled into the political world, and in 1563, King Charles IX of France declared that nothing could be printed without the specific allocation of the king Soon other secular rulers of Europe followed his processes, and scientific and artistic expressions, potentially threatening to the moral and political order of society, wereShow MoreRelated Censorship Essay examples939 Words   |  4 Pages Censorship Without the history of Censorship, what type of things would children be watching? Without the unique methods of Censorship, what kinds of films would be being released into the public? Throughout this essay I will be explaining the steps taken to achieve the level of Censorship, that we have now. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; In 1900-1950 every movie in the world was rated before being released. The government, of the country in which the movie was made always did this. In 1956Read MoreVenezuelan Media Censorship Essay1375 Words   |  6 PagesMedia censorship destroys the necessary objective journalism of a country and disturbs the freedom of expression of all citizens as well as the democracy of the country itself. There are many countries in the world whose governments impose such censorship in order to prevent information contrary to their beliefs to be known. The question is: how far would a government go to silence so many voices? Venezuela should be a democratic country with freedom of expression as its constitution states. TheRead MoreCensorship of Electronic Communication Systems1158 Words   |  5 PagesCENSORSHIP OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Introduction. Communication system of society is changing rapidly with the time. In ancient ages people use to communicate with shouting. If people are much more apart from one another the letter writing was the only means of communication just before 500 years. Due to rapid development of science, now a days a message can be passed to millions of people who all are scattered in whole world by a simple electronic communication system. Due to electronicRead MoreThe Depiction Of Society In Bradburys Fahrenheit 4511335 Words   |  6 Pagescorrupted by advanced technology, plagued by censorship, and intimate communication has been shattered. Although each novel has something comparable to today’s society, Bradbury’s depiction of society in Fahrenheit 451 is very comparable to America today. The society in the novel Fahrenheit 451 uses censorship to eliminate one’s feeling of offense or uncomfortableness just like it is used today in America. Within the novel the society presents censorship greatly through the burning of all books; owningRead MoreFor The Second Paper Topic, I Will Touch Upon The Media1132 Words   |  5 PagesFor the second paper topic, I will touch upon the media issue of censorship and how the effects of censorship on the public and how its history has changed the way the world is ran as well as the current state of censorship. Censorship; something that has been prevalent in society since the beginning of news, media, and all other forms of mass communication. When I say censorship, I am referring to the suppression of free speech, public communication or any other information that could be perceivedRead MoreThe Problem With Vietnam Essays1660 Words   |  7 Pagessupport by whatever means to the situation. During World War II, that support was propagated by the government in the form of censorship and a strategic public relations plan to maintain the public opinion in favor of the cause. Glorification of Americas involvement in the war helped America maintain the image of a cause worth fighting for. Technology and de-censorship would later transform America and the worlds image of war, which had been formed by such propaganda as seen during WWII, intoRead MoreEssay on How to Reduce the Level of Domestic Violence884 Words   |  4 Pagespotential for lowering the number of domestic violence occurrence s is present, but first solutions for reducing this problem have to be found such as the creation of community based programs, increased censorship in television, administering treatment to potential perpetrators, and enforcing more harsh penalties.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a study, published in the Archives of Family Medicine, Sugg, et al., defines domestic violence as â€Å"past or present physical and/or sexual violence between former or current intimateRead MoreReducing Domestic Violence Essay857 Words   |  4 Pagespotential for lowering the number of domestic violence occurrences is present, but first solutions for reducing this problem have to be found such as the creation of community based programs, increased censorship in television, administering treatment to potential perpetrators, and enforcing more harsh penalties. In a study, published in the Archives of Family Medicine, Sugg, et al., defines domestic violence as past or present physical and/or sexual violence between former or current intimate partnersRead MoreFarenheit451/Gattaca, Relationship Between Man and Machine1243 Words   |  5 PagesNazis burning books, culminating with a significant influence on young Bradbury. Bradbury implements the concept of censorship, being ‘inspired by these events’, and bases the foundation of the novel around the 1933 Nazi book burning period. The 1950’s was the decade where television was found common in the average household. Bradbury satirically implements the newly ‘innovative’ television within Fahrenheit, portraying the technology through his envisionment of the destruction/ eradication the newlyRead MoreKnowledge Is Power, And That s The Problem880 Words   |  4 Pagesplethora of information, this lack knowledge lead to a dystopian society full of censorship, ign orant unlearned individuals, and technological advancements beyond those which we know of today. It was not until Montag stole a book that he had a change of heart. Censorship is a government, or other groups control of the information being circulated and presented in a society. Social media, news, radio and television, all of which a forms of communication and avenues of information used each day. Although

Life and Career of John Wesley Iliff Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Though Iliff was a prominent and successful rancher, the King of Cattle does not fit a stereotypic cowboy character as the other of ranchers. This is because he did not he befriended American Indians instead of fighting them as other people. Moreover, when he saw starving Indians feeding on one of his many cattle, he looked the other way and let them continue feeding. In addition, he is also different because, while the cowboys of Colorado made about a dollar a day, he was one of Colorado s first self-made millionaire (Noel). Despite being a teetotaler and a Christian, John Wesley Iliff, Sr. donated his first Curtis and 18th Streets mansion to the Keely Institute, which was a treatment center for alcoholics. During his death, fellow cattlemen eulogized him as the squarest man who ever rode over these plains (Noel 13). On his burial, rather than a typical cowboy wooden tomb, Iliff was buried at Denver s Riverside cemetery under an enormous obelisk, which became the centerpiece of t he cemetery. However, in 1820 his daughter moved his remains together with the monument to a more fashionable Fairmount Cemetery. We will write a custom essay sample on Life and Career of John Wesley Iliff or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The two met in Denver and consequently got married in Chicago on March 3, 1870. Following the marriage, they had a brief honeymoon and then returned to live in Cheyenne. However, Elizabeth did not like Cheyenne and thus persuaded her husband, and they moved to Denver. This is because; the equal-rights agenda in Wyoming did not appeal to Elizabeth because of the newly won women rights.

The Theme Of Acceptance In Shirley Jacksons The Lottery

Viewed by children full of life and elderly folks barely holding on, acceptance is witnessed. It is expressed through an individuals actions, words, or silence. Acceptance plays a role when understanding another’s religion, values, and opinions. It can be found not only in society, but in literature and media. In â€Å"The Lottery,† by Shirley Jackson, she shows us an example of blind acceptance through her main event and desperate character, Tessie Hutchinson. In â€Å"Texas V. Johnson Majority Opinion,† by William J. Brennan, Texas expresses acceptance. Also in â€Å"What, of This Goldfish, Would You Wish,† by Etgar Keret, acceptance is interpreted through a lonesome character by the name of Sergei. All three authors focus on the subject of†¦show more content†¦The Supreme Court eventually came to the majority vote in favor of Gregory, considering his act a form of â€Å"Expression protected by the Constitution† (Brennan 15). The state o f Texas is forced to accept that Gregory Lee Johnson is protected by the guidelines of our Constitution and they may look down upon the people that decide to burn our nation’s flag, but those that perform these acts cannot be jailed or fined. Sergei from the short story, â€Å"What of This Goldfish, Would You Wish,† by Etgar Keret, is forced to acknowledge what his friendship truly is and accept the parts that come into play with this friendship. Sergei is a man that moved from his home in Russia to Israel and then Jaffa. He did not want for people to come banging on his door or ask him how his day was. This was all true for Sergei â€Å"Until one day some kid with a ring in his ear . . . comes knocking† (Keret 5). This child was a determined young man named, Yoni. He knocked on the door asking questions, the way Sergei hated, and was denied answers. Although being told no, the boy slipped into the home of Sergei Goralick and began filming with his camera. Mr. Goralick is startled, but soon goes completely mad and knocks Yoni over the head with a stove burner once he reaches to close to his magic goldfish. Knocking out the boy, Sergei’s goldfish friend reminds him heShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contras t Essay1047 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Lottery† By: Melissa A. Reeves Professor Andrew Smith ENGL 102-B46 LUO Thesis Statement The stories â€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† both appear to show that human behavior and judgment can be flawed, even if the person’s intentions appear good to them. There is a level of fear and underlying evil in Puritan settings in both stories. I. Introduction/Statement of Thesis II. Themes and Author’s Purpose A. The Lottery i. Just because somethingRead MoreThe Theme Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson1159 Words   |  5 PagesWhen â€Å"The Lottery† begins, nothing seems unusual about this community, no hint of what is to come, or how heinous an act is about to occur. As they ready themselves for what seems to be a cheerful event, preparing as if to win something valuable, rather than to lose this lottery, eagerness and enthusiasm fill the air. The tradition, this community has been following, is overly duteous, more sheep like, illustrating the extent to which people will go to fit in, to be part of a crowd, to feel acceptedRead MoreAnalysis Of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery1303 Words   |  6 Pagespowerful force (qtd. in AZQuotes). In Shirley Jacksons chilling story The Lottery, a town celebrates a special custom of stoning people to death every year. Jackson perfectly depicts a possible event that may occur from blindly following tradition without evaluating the purpose or usefulnes s of it in the first place. Jackson’s use of plot, theme, and symbolism reveal the evil reality of blind faith, tradition, and their consequences. Initially, Jackson’s twisted plot reveals the infinite, viciousRead MoreThe Lottery Literary Analysis1538 Words   |  7 Pagesday; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green† (Jackson). In this first sentence of the The Lottery Shirley Jackson establishes a pleasant illusion, creating a sense of serenity. Jackson proceeds to mention that children begin to gather in the village, frolicing and conversing about school. The initial scene and satirically labeled title, The Lottery, provide a somewhat satisfying first impression to the reader. The introductory scene is eminent to intentionally implementRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson2116 Words   |  9 PagesShirley Jackson was a master of modern gothic fiction and wrote of the essentially evil nature of human beings. The major focus of her work is to emphasize the psychological dimension of experience and the absolute isolation of a human. Shirley Jackson also believes and suggests that h umanity must continue to try to define its own reality, and strive to survive with nobility. Her most famous piece of work â€Å"The Lottery,† depicts the cruelty and brutality of humanity in the mass and insensitivity ofRead MoreThe Lottery, by Shirley Jackson3156 Words   |  13 Pages The story of â€Å"The Lottery† is a dark tale that gives the reader a window into a community blighted by an tradition propagated by ignorance; sending a message that reverberates with many events, ideas, and observations throughout the annals of time. Written by the great Shirley Jackson, this fable exemplifies how delusion and illogical thinking led to the terrifying and morose ending of Tessie Hutchinsons existence. Shirley Jackson was well known in her lifetime, but not necessarily as the literaryRead MoreSymbolizing the Ideas and Beliefs in The Lottery1167 Words   |  5 Pagescustoms and ideas. In â€Å"The Lottery† the people from the community are sacrificing in order for their crops to grow. Many lives are at risk and in fear despite the acceptance of their actions.Symbolism is something that represents ideas or qualities of an object. An example of this can be a dove which represents peace. In the short story The Lottery, it takes place in the late 40s early 50s. The whole story is a contradiction because you would think that having a lottery would be a good thing, butRead More Annotation of After You my Dear Alphonse by Shirley Jackson Essay493 Words   |  2 PagesAnnotation of After You my Dear Alphonse by Shirley Jackson The story that I have chosen to annotate is After you my dear Alphonse written by Shirley Jackson. Shirley Jackson was born in the year of 1919 and later died in 1965. She is best known for her stories and novels of horror and the occult, rendered more terrifying because they are set against realistic, common place backgrounds. After graduating from Syracuse University, Jackson married literary critic Stanley Edgar Hyman. Life

Diabetes Free Essays

Motivational Speech Proposal STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2005, there were 20. 6 million cases of diabetes among people aged 20 years to 44 years; according to the American Diabetes Association in 2011, there were 25. 6 million cases of diabetes among people aged 20 years to 44 years. We will write a custom essay sample on Diabetes or any similar topic only for you Order Now GENERAL PURPOSE: To persuade SPECIFIC PURPOSE: To persuade my audience to engage in walking for 30 minutes a day to prevent diabetes. CENTRAL IDEA: My audience should walk for 30 minutes a day because doing so will help them from getting diabetes and other chronic health diseases. Attention Grabber: Isolation, Denial, depression, guilt, anger, embarrassment, and dependence, these are the emotions that are experienced among people with diabetes. Vivian, a 17 year old quiet spoken girl who has gone through these emotions. She began feeling really miserable, throwing up, really thirsty all of the time. One day, after falling into a diabetic coma, she was lying in a hospital bed and the doctors were explaining that her pancreas had stopped functioning and I was no longer producing insulin. This was serious. She was zoned out. She asked herself, â€Å"Diabetes? How could that be possible? And why her? † This could happen to any of us, and we may be the unlucky victim. As college students, we live in a world where everything is convenient, from cars, to fast food, causing us to be more sedentary and unhealthy. It is easy for us to slip into a sedentary lifestyle with no or irregular physical activity. With physical inactivity among threatening our well beings, and precipitating deadly diseases as diabetes, we need a change to better our lives. Problem: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2005, there were 20. million cases of diabetes among people aged 20 years to 44 years; according to the American Diabetes Association in 2011, there were 25. 6 million cases of diabetes among people aged 20 years to 44 years. A. So what is Diabetes? a. According to American Diabetes Association, diabetes is a disorder of sugar metabolism: It is when high blood glucose level occurs. There are 3 types of diabetes. b. A. Type 1 diabetes, or juvenile diabetes, is when there is no production of insulin-a hormone that guides sugar into cells and help convert it into energy. No insulin means no control of blood sugar. Only 5 percent of all diabetes cases are type 1 and mostly occur in young adults. a. The US Department of Education: Digest of Education Statistics, states that Each fall, 2. 3 million freshmen enroll in institutes of higher education in the U. S. Of these, 7, 700 will have type 1 diabetes, based on an estimated prevalence rate of 1 of every 300. B. Type 2 is when you don’t produce enough insulin, or your insulin is not working properly. Cells have become resistant to the insulin is not very effective. . The ADA describes Type 2 as the most common form of diabetes. In adults, type 2 diabetes, a condition that can be prevented, accounts for 90–95% of all diagnosed case. C. Stress Diabetes: using medication’s especially water pills (diuretics). It can often disappear when the stress is relieved. D. A 2007-2009 national survey data from American Diabetes Association states that for people diagnosed with diabetes aged 20 ye ars or older, 12. 6% of blacks, 11. 8% of Hispanics, 8. 4% of Asian Americans, and 7. 1% of whites. E. Causes of Diabetes? 1. According to Tom and Gena Metcalf, the authors of Diabetes, there are hereditary and environmental factors involved, and lifestyle. a. For type 2 diabetes, there is stronger link to family history than type 1. If both parents have it, there is 50 % of chance of getting it. If one parent has it, the risk is almost 3 times the general population risk. b. Environmental factors are: Dr. James Warram, a lecturer in epidemiology at Harvard School of Public states that one trigger might be cold weather. 2. Also affecting is age, obesity, lack of exercise. F. The Symptoms of diabetes are many factors. 1. Type 1 and 2 diabetes people can have blurred vision, urinary tract infections, blindness, foot ulcers that leads to limb amputations. 2. Symptoms can develop suddenly (over days or weeks), or gradually (over several years). a. Jane 47 year-old is a triple amputee, have undergone operations to remove both her legs and one arm due to Type 1 diabetes. She faces the prospect of losing her remaining arm in the near future because of diabetes. Imagine not having your legs, what a depressing life that would be. Solution: A. First option, you can do nothing about it. 1. Severe consequences can occur with uncontrolled diabetes. . You can get foot ulcers, blindness, leg amputations, and even death. b. According to the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse, in 2006, about 65,700 lower-limb amputations were performed in people with diabetes.. B. Second option is taking insulin therapy or oral medications. 1. For Type 1 diabetes, injectable insulin is used. 2. According to Doctor Diane Ell iot in Oregon health Science University, There are different types of oral drugs used to manage Type 2 diabetics: 3. Some side effects with metformin are nausea, vomiting, gas, bloating, diarrhea and loss of appetite. 4. The side effects and the cost of such medicine shows that medication might be at an expense physically and mentally to diabetics. a. It can cost a lot of money. The Website Cost Helper, what are people paying explains that for patients without health insurance, diabetes medication costs $200 to $500 or more a month for a multi-drug regimen. C. The third option, an important aspect in managing diabetes that doesn’t cost us a dime is exercise. 1. Hippocrates said â€Å"Walking is man’s best medicine. † Walking is one of the easiest and least expensive ways without needing any equipment’s to stay physically fit. There are no side effects for walking. Just good results. 2. According to Linn Goldberg, doctor and author of the Healing power of exercise, walking helps the body becomes more sensitive to insulin’s action, so sugar is more easily removed from bloodstream and blood glucose levels can normalize. 3. Expert from the National institutes of Health all advise 30 minutes or more of moderate to intense walking on most days of the week. You can walk in two 15 minute segments or three 10 minute. You can take a walk on the park, or on your treadmill. a. The cost is only 30 minutes from you day, while the reward outweighs it, saving your life from complications of diabetes. Visualization: D. Here are two stories of diabetics who chose two different paths to manage their diabetes. A. Choosing to walk 30 minutes a day can help you manage diabetes and even combat other diseases. You might know Della Reese, remember her in the TV series â€Å"Touched by an Angel† is America’s best loved celebrities diagnosed with diabetes Type 2. Her activities include walking on a treadmill to manage her diabetes. Now she parks a block away and walk. She knew one thing for sure that â€Å"ignorance and fear would kill you quicker than any disease. Now she is in charge of her diabetes and still living her entertainment life. B. Not walking 30 minutes a days to control your diabetes is a big mistake: Remember Jane, the 47 year old triple amputee who has failed to understand how deadly uncontrolled diabetes was, and now faces the possibility of losing her remaining arm in the future? She says ‘Diabetes is a condition that has to be respected otherwise the implications are horrendous. † Call to Action: So I want to urge you to start walking 30 minutes today, for a better tomorrow. If you walk regularly for 30 minutes a day, it can considerably help you control your diabetes and help you be fit and feel better. After surveying the class, I gathered that most of us would want to choose exercise for preference to prevent and or manage diabetes. Just realize that each mile a sedentary person walks will add 21 minutes to their life and save society 24 cents in medical and other costs according to the Rand Corporation, a well-known California based â€Å"think tank formed to offer research and analysis. So put on some comfortable shoes, and start walking 30 minutes a day. How to cite Diabetes, Papers Diabetes Free Essays Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a set of related diseases in which the body cannot regulate the amount of sugar (specifically, glucose) in the blood. The blood delivers glucose to provide the body with energy to perform all of a person’s daily activities. * The liver converts the food a person eats into glucose. We will write a custom essay sample on Diabetes or any similar topic only for you Order Now The glucose is then released into the bloodstream. * In a healthy person, the blood glucose level is regulated by several hormones, primarliy insulin. Insulin is produced by the pancreas, a small organ between the stomach and liver. The pancreas also makes other important enzymes released directly into the gut that helps digest food. * Insulin allows glucose to move out of the blood into cells throughout the body where it is used for fuel. * People with diabetes either do not produce enough insulin (type 1 diabetes) or cannot use insulin properly (type 2 diabetes), or both (which occurs with several forms of diabetes). * In diabetes, glucose in the blood cannot move efficiently into cells, so blood glucose levels remain high. This not only starves all the cells that need the glucose for fuel, but also harms certain organs and tissues exposed to the high glucose levels. Type 1 diabetes (T1D): The body stops producing insulin or produces too little insulin to regulate blood glucose level. * Type 1 diabetes involves about 10% of all people with diabetes in the United States. * Type 1 diabetes is typically diagnosed during childhood or adolescence. It used to be referred to as juvenile-onset diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes can occur in an older individual due to destruction of the pancreas by alcohol, disease, or removal by surgery. It also results from progressive failure of the pancreatic beta cells, the only cell type that produces significant amounts of insulin. * People with type 1 diabetes require insulin treatment daily to sustain life. Type 2 diabetes (T2D): Although the pancreas still secretes insulin, the body of someone with type 2 diabetes is partially or completel y unable to use this insulin. This is sometimes referred to as  insulin resistance. The pancreas tries to overcome this resistance by secreting more and more insulin. People with insulin resistance develop type 2 diabetes when they fail to secrete enough insulin to cope with their higher demands. * At least 90% of adult individuals with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. * Type 2 diabetes is typically diagnosed in adulthood, usually after age 45 years. It used to be called adult-onset diabetes mellitus, or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. These names are no longer used because type 2 diabetes does occur in younger people, and some people with type 2 diabetes require insulin therapy. Type 2 diabetes is usually controlled with  diet,  weight loss,  exercise, and oral medications. However, more than half of all people with type 2 diabetes require insulin to control their blood sugar levels at some point in the course of their illness. Gestational diabetes (GDM)  is a form of diabetes that occurs during the second half of  pregnancy. * Although gestational diabetes typically resolves after delivery of the baby, a woman who develop gestational diabetes is more likely than other women to develop type 2 diabetes later in life. Women with gestational diabetes are more likely to have large babies. Metabolic syndrome  (also referred to as syndrome X) is a set of abnormalities in which insulin-resistant diabetes (type 2 diabetes) is almost always present along with  hypertension  (high blood pressure), high fat levels in the blood (increased serum lipids, predominant  elevation of LDL cholesterol, decreased  HDL cholesterol, and  elevated triglycerides),  central obesity, and abnormalities in blood clotting and inflammatory responses. A high rate of  cardiovascular disease  is associated with metabolic syndrome. Prediabetes  is a common condition related to diabetes. In people with prediabetes, the blood sugar level is higher than normal but not yet high enough to be considered diagnostic of diabetes. * Prediabetes increases a person’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes,  heart disease, or  stroke. * Prediabetes can typically be reversed (without insulin or medication) with lifestyle changes such as losing a modest amount of weight and increasing physical activity levels. Weight loss can prevent, or at least delay, the onset of type 2 diabetes. * An international expert committee of the American Diabetes Association redefined the criteria for prediabetes, lowering the blood sugar level cut-off point for prediabetes. Approximately 20% more adults are now believed to have this condition and may develop diabetes within 10 years if they do make lifestyle changes such as exercising more and maintaining a healthy weight. About 17 million Americans (6. 2% of adults in North America) are believed to have diabetes. AIt has been estimated that about one third of adults with diabetes do not know they have diabetes. * About 1 million new cases of diabetes is diagnosed occur each year, and diabetes is the direct or indirect cause of at least 200,000 deaths each year. * The incidence of diabetes is increasing rapidly. This increase is due to many factors, but the most significant are the increasing incidence of obesity associated with the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle. Complications of diabetes Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes ultimately lead to high blood sugar levels, a condition called  hyperglycemia. Over a long period of time, hyperglycemia damages the retina of the eye, the blood vessels of the kidneys, the nerves, and other blood vessels. * Damage to the retina from diabetes (diabetic retinopathy) is a leading cause of blindness. * Damage to the kidneys from diabetes (diabetic nephropathy) is a leading cause of  kidney failure. * Damage to the nerves from diabetes (diabetic neuropathy) is a leading cause of foot  wounds  and ulcers, which frequently lead to  foot and leg amputations. Damage to the nerves in the autonomic nervous system can lead to paralysis of the stomach (gastroparesis),  chronic diarrhea, and an inability to control heart rate and blood pressure during postural changes. * Diabetes accelerates  atherosclerosis, (the formation of fatty plaques inside the arteries), which can lead to blockages or a clot (thrombus). Such changes can then lead to  heart attack, stroke, and decreased circulation in the arms and legs (peripheral vascular disease). * D iabetes predisposes people to elevated blood pressure, high levels of cholesterol and  triglycerides. These conditions both independently and together with hyperglycemia, increase the risk of heart disease,  kidney disease, and other blood vessel complications. Diabetes can contribute to a number of acute (short-lived) medical problems. * Many  infections  are associated with diabetes, and infections are frequently more dangerous in someone with diabetes because the body’s normal ability to fight infections is impaired. To compound the problem, infections may worsen glucose control, which further delays recovery from infection. Hypoglycemia  or low blood sugar, occurs intermittently in most people with diabetes. It can result from taking too much diabetes medication or insulin (sometimes called an  insulin reaction), missing a meal, exercising more than usual, drinking too much alcohol, or taking certain medications for other conditions. It is very important to recognize hypoglycemia and be prepared to treat it at all times. Headache, feeling dizzy, poor concentratio n, tremor of the hands, and sweating are common symptoms of hypoglycemia. A person can faint or have a  seizure  if blood sugar level become too low. Diabetic ketoacidosis  (DKA) is a serious condition in which uncontrolled hyperglycemia (usually due to complete lack of insulin or a relative deficiency of insulin) over time creates a buildup of ketones (acidic waste products ) in the blood. High levels of ketones can be very harmful. This typically happens to people with type 1 diabetes who do not have good blood glucose control. Diabetic ketoacidosis can be precipitated by infection,  stress, trauma, missing medications like insulin, or medical emergencies such as a stroke and heart attack. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome  is a serious condition in which the blood sugar level gets very high. The body tries to get rid of the excess blood sugar by eliminating it in the urine. This increases the amount of urine significantly, and often leads to  dehydrationà ‚  so severe that it can cause seizures,  coma, and even death. This syndrome typically occurs in people with type 2 diabetes who are not controlling their blood sugar levels, who have become dehydrated, or who have stress, injury, stroke, or are taking certain medications, like  steroids. Next Page: Diabetes Causes How to cite Diabetes, Papers Diabetes Free Essays Human life is marked with many difficult conditions which are costly to deal with and can leave some one desperate and hopeless with life. One of these conditions is diabetes which is defined as an illness generally characterized by the presence of sugar in the urine or excessive water in the urine, depending on the type of diabetes. It is a complex condition that has been on the fore front of scientific research and scientists have in the recent past introduced several measures . We will write a custom essay sample on Diabetes or any similar topic only for you Order Now which when put in practice can reduce the corresponding complication of this condition which otherwise could result to premature loss of life. It is in this interest that this research paper is written and it focuses on the current developments pertaining to diabetes as a condition. It gives a brief introduction, defines the different type of diabetes, causes, symptoms and the current impacts of diabetes to the society and economy. It also gives the current preventive measures aimed at reducing the effects of this condition. Types of diabetes Diabetes is defined as an illness which is generally characterized by the presence of glucose in the urine. There are three fundamentally different types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is associated with the failure of the body to produce insulin (Cummings, Decoster, 2005). It occurs when body’s infection fighting system fails against a particular part of the body. In this case, the pancreas is affected and rendered capable of only producing little or no insulin. Most victims of this type of insulin are young adults and children. This type of diabetes requires the injection of insulin for life time. The second type of diabetes is referred to as type 2 and is the most popular type of diabetes. It results from the resistance of the body to utilize the available insulin (Walker, et al, 2005). It is insulin independent and is associated with the old age, overweight and family history. On diagnosis, the pancreas is found to produce enough insulin but with time the insulin production decreases and there it also accommodates type 1 diabetes with time. The last type of diabetes is gestational and is commonly developed by pregnant women. It is associated with historical diabetes back ground and can result to diabetes type 2. Causes of diabetes Over time, scientist have tried to found out the major causes of diabetes but up to date there is no clearly identifiable solution to this importance issue (Judd, Fox, Sonksen, 2003). However, several factors have been identified as risk and should be overcome by everybody who is conscious of diabetes and wiling to eliminate it. The question of whether diabetes is hereditary is not clear but some research studies have shown that if a family is known to have been affected by diabetes then there is a high probability of passing the disease to the young generation (Judd, Fox, Sonksen, 2003).. Diabetes type 2 is commonly transmitted through hereditary. But can be prevented if the blood sugar level of the pregnant mother is controlled to normal. This makes it difficult for it to be passed to the child. Another major factor responsible for causing diabetes is diet. Eating a lot of starch, proteins and fats is risk to health (Decoster, 2001). A balanced diet is therefore essential for producing the necessary energy sufficient for the required body function. Eating much of these foods renders the pancreas incapable of producing enough insulin and hence an increase in the blood sugar level leading to diabetes. Excessive body weight which his often referred to as obesity is also known to another factor responsible for the cause of diabetes. Obesity means that there is excess fat in the body and insulin produce is insufficient to break down these fats to energy and this can amount to increased blood sugar level and hence diabetes (Decoster, 2001). Further to this, various viral infections are can affect the proper functioning of the pancreas and hence the production of insulin. This undoubtedly can lead to diabetes. In addition to this age, frequent smoking and emotional stress are other commonest causes of diabetes. As a person gets old, he becomes less active, increases in weight resulting to kidney failure (Zieve, Wexler, 2009). Emotional stress affects the metabolic system and can alter the glucose level in the body. Heavy smoking affects joint mobility and metabolism and can result to alteration of the blood sugar level in the body. Symptoms of diabetes Diabetes type 1 is marked by symptoms which developed within a very short time despite the fact that destruction of beta cells earlier. The common symptoms are increased urination and desire to drink water, high rate of loss of weight, constant hunger, high fatigue and blurred vision (Ligaray, Isley, 2010). Diabetes type is characterized by gradual development of symptoms. These symptoms include slow healing of wounds, often infections, increased thirsty and loss of weight and fatigue. Prevention and cure of diabetes Up to date, a cure for diabetes type 2 has not yet been found but type1 can be cured by pancreas or beta cells replacement. Since it is insulin dependent, it can be suppressed by daily injection of insulin to sustain life (Judd, Fox, Sonksen, 2003). Type 2 cannot be cured since it is insulin independent but can be prevented and managed through the following methods. One is by controlling deity. Eating a well balanced diet reduces the chances of increasing the blood sugar level and hence increasing the chances of getting diabetes or more complications for the diabetic people. Another mechanism of preventing the development of diabetes or diabetic related complications is by preventing obesity. This is achieved by doing exercise and eating less fat. Good diet and reduction of weight will slow the aging process which has been described as a factor responsible for the cause of diabetes (Cummings, Decoster, 2005). Still, quitting or reducing smoking and avoiding emotional stress helps in maintaining the blood sugar content normal. Lastly is carrying out a diabetic test and following the instructions of the doctor. This is because diabetes is easily managed when diagnosed at early stages. Complication and Impact of diabetes Diabetes in the recent past was declared a world deserter and pledged with the international community to join hands in compacting diabetes. Some of the complications that can be developed as a result of diabetes are; damage of the retina hence loss of sight, damage of the kidney and therefore kidney failure, damage to the nervous system and hence mental retardation and lastly is high and low blood pressure (Walker, et al, 2005). Conclusion In conclusion therefore, diabetes is a chronicle condition which should be addressed by the international community because of the incurable complications it can bring to the body. The three types of diabetes discussed above are more preventable than curable and therefore it is the responsibility of everyone who is conscious of his health to control diet, do physical exercise and often have a test of the blood sugar level. How to cite Diabetes, Papers

Latin America and the Cold War free essay sample

The Cold War period for the United States meant a shift in foreign policy, prioritizing ideological and anti-Communist issue. U. S policy towards Latin America notably changed in this respect to incorporate a heightened sense of hegemonic and interventionist power over the Americas differing from earlier U. S sovereignty in the region. This new change in policy mainly manifested itself in the area of Central America. During the different periods of the Cold War, the United States intervened in Latin American domestic affairs both directly through their own military and indirectly through CIA trained proxy forces to safeguard their assets and contain communism. Significantly with the Eisenhower Administration of whom initiated the overthrow of the reformist Guatemalan government in 1952 and ending with Reagan who centred his policies on the overthrow of Sandinistas in Nicaragua. The Cold War period furthermore appeared to be a period where the U. S. paired with intervention, also attempted to provide an increased amount of economic aid and concessions to Latin American countries as incentives to avoid the communism, for the Alliance for Progress by Kennedy in 1961 which although many of the agreements lead to failure, it still marked a change in U. S. Latin American relations. Undoubtedly the growth of communism, the Soviet Union influence and ideological dispute served to change the way in which the U. S acted towards Latin America. However, there are strong continuations with U. S. Latin American relations, which remain constant before, throughout and after the Cold War most importantly the sovereignty over the area and the protection of U. S interests regarding economy and security. Where the Cold War brought about the most significant change in U. S policy towards Latin America was in its increased priority in blocking communist expansion in its own hemisphere. From the end of the 1940s toward the end of the 1980s, this priority meant an acute increase in U. S interventionism either covertly or overtly to prevent the spread of communism. The USA had this call for ideological security in the region that took precedence in its policy and in frequent cases reaching the aggressive extremes of supporting harsh-line right wing dictators preventing not only the spread of communism but also democracy. This in itself acts of proof that the battle against communism was more important than that of installing democracy. As the US emerged as one of the new world hegemonic powers post-WWII, Roosevelt? s Good Neighbour policy of non-intervention or interference in Latin American domestic affairs had moved towards a more militarized foreign policy at the dawn of the Cold War exhibited greatly by the propositions made at the 1947 Rio de Janeiro Conference to create a more defensively united American bloc with the Inter- American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance. George Kennan bluntly stated in a 35-page report on his tour of Latin America, that the area would be too weak to overcome communist power and that it was vital to keep it in US spheres of influence. Moscow would try and harness the already existing anti-American feelings to eliminate US influence in the zone. This report included demands that the US should provide incentives at all costs to resist communism including more severe measures of repression; â€Å"In general, therefore, it would be wise for us to avoid putting direct pressure on Latin American governments with respect to communist activities, except where those activities have some highly direct and offensive relationship to American interests. Where this is not the case, we must resort to indirection†. (Kennan, 1950, p. 182) For Kennan, if the US policy did not adapt to intervene in Latin American affairs in the name of containing communism, it could cause â€Å"global embarrassment† (Kennan, 1950, p. 183) for the United States as the global power. The Eisenhower administration firmly believed that the soviet and communist expansion was more achieved through the works of communist parties and communist trade unions outside the Eastern bloc and the exploitation of revolutions and civil wars in developing countries (Bowie Immerman, 1998 p154), for the USA this was the biggest threat in Latin America where weaker governments (as Kennan had already expressed) could be exploited. This campaign gained more legitimacy following the Cuban revolution that underlined for the U. S government that ideology had to become the first priority. Johnson? s decision to overtly invade the Dominican Republic in 1965 was made in avoidance of a second Cuba. Later on, Reagan sold arms to the anti-Sandinista Contas group putting the president under risk of impeachment and thus highlights how important the ideological argument was in U. S policy in Latin America (Dominguez, 1999). The protection of an inter-American system where the USA would hold hegemonic power from communist influence became the principal objective of U. S. policymakers. There are two key examples which illustrate the precedence of ideology over other factors in policy during the Cold War; Firstly the differences in U. S. actions over Guatemala in 1954 and Bolivia in 1953. Both countries assumed, nationalist reformist governments that wanted to expropriate international export industries and impose agrarian reforms. The urban middle class and workers supported them both and both derived parts of their ideology from Marxism. However, in Guatemala, the CIA covertly overthrew Arbenz’s government. In Bolivia, the issue was settled with the U. S. sending economic aid to Paz’s regime, which stabilised the new government. Why, did they receive such opposite responses from the US? The Guatemalan government had be accused by the Eisenhower administration of communist infiltration. Most importantly as a threat to the U. S. there was the existence of communists in the agencies for the implementation of Agragarian reforms (Blasier, 1985 p156) which meant potential communist seizure of former U. S. owned land. The Paz government in Bolivia understood that the USA were a vital customer for their tin mining industry and therefore presented themselves as a much more moderate government with regard for the inter-american policys such as maintaining a respect for foreign investment. A nationalisation of the tin industry would pave the way for foreign investment that had previously been blocked by closed oligarchic economy. The assurance by the MNR that Bolivia would not turn communist lead the US to approach the situation in the opposite to way in which it had done with Arbenz in Guatemala. The active disassembling and eventual CIA-backed overthrow of Allende? s Chile went forward because of the Chilean president’s g policy of the via chilena al socialismo and the uncompensated expropriation of U. S firms in Chile. The U. S intervened because of the potential communist path Allende could take, even though Chile had no relations with the USSR. At the same period, 1972, Juan Velasco the Peruvian president bought 250 T-55 Tanks from the USSR whom with they shared a military relationship (Dominguez, 1999, p. 10). Moreover, it too, had expropriated various US businesses with little compensation. However, unlike in Chile and not withstanding the fact that Peru proved more threatening to American interests, the compensation disputes were settled diplomatically as Peru provoked no ideological fears of communism. Dominguez states â€Å"when the ideological fear of communism was absent, the United States did not deploy its military forces nor seek to overthrow Latin American governments that expropriated U. S. firms†. (Dominguez, 1999 p11). The growth of communism in the world did make a significant change to U. S. Latin American relations. The USA waged war on communism to consolidate itself as a world power. The distinctive emergence of ideology as the key driver in U. S policies was brought about by the Cold War, however, the interventionism of the United States was something that had been imbedded in Latin American- U. S. relations before the Cold War and the intervention did not disappear in post-war. Interventionism was part of the hemispheric security policy that the U. S. sought to maintain over the region protecting U. S. economic, ideological and hegemonic interests The United States has always had a strategic interest in the area from the Monroe Doctrine in 1823 in the aim to keep the region out of European control. Furthermore the Platt Amendment that allowed for 33 years, the USA to have interventionist power in Cuba. In this significance, the Cold War can be seen simply as another problem to be overcome in the United State’s control over the area, to exclude extra-hemispheric rivals and not just in ideological battle. Evidently during the Cold War period, U. S forces intervened in Latin American domestic affairs in the name of communist containment however it was just as much to secure U. S assets. To take a simplistic example; in 1961 the CIA plotted to overthrow the communist Castro in Cuba in their pledge to destroy communism, yet in the same year they also plotted to overthrow the highly anti-communist Trujillo in the Dominican Republic which the USA had previously had good relations. Trujillo towards the end of his career had moved apart this relationship and now proved inimical to U. S. interests. This contradictory use of intervention highlights more in depth motives for U. S. policy, which coincide more with past interventions for example the Panama Revolution of 1903 was greatly linked to the Big Stick policy of Roosevelt’s administration. The construction of the Panama Canal itself was of vital necessity for the USA in terms of economic issues and security. Returning to the case of Guatemala 1954, especially when compared to the Bolivian case, it was easily seen as part of the U. S Cold War foreign policy to defend against communism. However with Guatemala, it was the defence of economic interest similar to past interventions that made the U. S. react in the way it did. In the work Bitter Fruit Stephen Schlesinger and Stephen Kinzer suggest a more plausible argument stressing the importance of the expropriation of the United Fruit Company in the decision to overthrow the Guatemalan government as opposed to their link with spreading communism in the region. The total U. S investment in the country totalled 50 million; the company monopolized the banana exports, transport and communication networks (Schlesinger Kinzer, 1999 p146). Arbenz’s reforms included building a highway and an electric power plant as well as expropriating U. S. land, companies would also have to start paying export duties. Guatemala had been chosen by United Fruit because as Thomas McCann a former worker stated; â€Å"Guatemala’s government was the weakest most corrupt and most pliable† (Schlesinger Kinzer, p151). The company had huge American political links, Eisenhower’s own personal secretary wanted an executive job within the company and UN ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge was a large stockholder. These reasons appear more reasonable for explaining why the U. S. intervened as there was little evidence of any real communist activity in the country or relationships with the USSR. In the post Cold War period, domestic issues such as Drug Trafficking and inmigration took precedence as the threat of Soviet expansion disappeared. There intervention was replaced by more coercive policies. One factor for this was the decline of economic value in Latin America. In 1965, Latin America represented 19. 1% of US direct investment abroad, in 1985 it had reduced to 12. 7%, 17. 3% of US purchases in 1965 came from Latin America, in 1985 only 12. 6% (Falcoff p255). The absence of a rival superpower allowed the United States to relax hemispherical security measures and intervention became more sporadic, dealing again with domestic issues like Clinton’s decision to invade Haiti in 1994 to attempt to control the flow of Haitian immigrants into the United States seeking asylum from civil war. The movement towards more coercive diplomacy and more selective intervention was a response to the changes in world order following the end of the Cold War. In conclusion, U. S. Latin American relations did change during the Cold War period, the majority of cases where the United States intervened were on ideological grounds. It was also the first time that the US had to compete with a rival superpower with opposite ideological belief and a potential threat to their hegemonic security of the western hemisphere. With the decline of communism, there was also a decline in intervention due to an absense of ideological struggle and Latin American-U. S. relations returned to domestic issues such as narcotrafficking. However this sovreignity is something that has existed before and remained after the Cold War period with relations to Latin America. The Guatemala case is useful in displaying both the changes and continuitys between relations. In comparison to Bolivia, it does seem to prove Dominguez’s conclusion that the US would intervene at even the smallest hint of communism. It also is a good piece of evidence in arguing that U. S. policy was still centered around defence of U. S. interests as it had been before the Cold War. Bibliography Blasier, C. (1985). The Hovering Giant: U. S. Responses to Revolutionary Change in Latin America, 1910-1985 . Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. Bowie, R. R. , Immerman, R. H. (1998). Waging Peace; How Eisenhower shaped an enduring Cold War policy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Dexter, P. The Monroe Doctrine. In Readings in Neighborly U. S. -Latin American Adversaries (pp. 73-83). Dominguez, J. I. (1999). U. S. -Latin American Relations During the Cold War and Its Aftermath. Harvard University, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs. Boston: Working Paper Series. F. , L. A. (1992). Changing U. S. Interests and Policies in a New World. In H. Jonathan, L. Schoultz, A. Varas, The United States and Latin America in the 1990s, Beyond the Cold War. The University of North Carolina Press. Falcoff, M. Latin America alone? In L. Michael, M. O. Frank, Readings in Neighbourly U. S. Latin American Adversaries Relations: Rowman and LIttlefield Publishers INC. Kennan, G. (1950). Latin America as a Problem in United States Foreign Policy. , Readings in Neighborly U. S. -Latin American Adversaries (pp. 177-188). Lehman, K. D. (1997). Revolutions and Attributions: Making Sense of Eisenhower Administration Policies in Bolivia and Guatemala. Diplomatic History , 185-213. Lopez-Maya, M. (1995). The Change in the Discourse of US-Latin American Relations from the End of the Second World War to the Beginning of the Cold War. Review of International Political Economy , 2, 135-149. Moulton, A. (2009). THROUGH THE LENS OF PATER-AMERICANISM: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EISENHOWER ADMINISTRATION’S PERCEPTION OF GUATEMALA AND BOLIVIA, 1953 AND 1954 . University of Kansas Nerval, G. Autopsy of the Monroe Doctrine: The Strange Story of Inter-American Relations. In Readings in Neighborly U. S. -Latin American Adversaries (pp. 85-92). Raymont, H. (2005). Troubled Neighbours, The Story of US- Latin American Relations from FDR to the Present. Cambridge, Ma: Westview PRess. Schlesinger, S. , Kinzer, S. (1999). Bitter Fruit: The Untold Story of the American Coup in Guatemala. In, Readings in Neighbourly U. S-Latin American Adversaries (pp. 146-154). Sigmund, P. E. (1977). The Overthrow of Allende and the Politics of Chile, 1964-76. Pittsburgh: University of PIttsburgh Press. Wiarda, H. J. United States Policy Toward Latin America: A New Era of Benign Neglect? , Readings in Neighbourly U. S. Latin American Adversaries Relations. Wood, B. (1961). The Making of the Good Neighbour Policy. New York: Columbia University Press.