Diabetes Free Essays

Motivational Speech Proposal STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2005, there were 20. 6 million cases of diabetes among people aged 20 years to 44 years; according to the American Diabetes Association in 2011, there were 25. 6 million cases of diabetes among people aged 20 years to 44 years. We will write a custom essay sample on Diabetes or any similar topic only for you Order Now GENERAL PURPOSE: To persuade SPECIFIC PURPOSE: To persuade my audience to engage in walking for 30 minutes a day to prevent diabetes. CENTRAL IDEA: My audience should walk for 30 minutes a day because doing so will help them from getting diabetes and other chronic health diseases. Attention Grabber: Isolation, Denial, depression, guilt, anger, embarrassment, and dependence, these are the emotions that are experienced among people with diabetes. Vivian, a 17 year old quiet spoken girl who has gone through these emotions. She began feeling really miserable, throwing up, really thirsty all of the time. One day, after falling into a diabetic coma, she was lying in a hospital bed and the doctors were explaining that her pancreas had stopped functioning and I was no longer producing insulin. This was serious. She was zoned out. She asked herself, â€Å"Diabetes? How could that be possible? And why her? † This could happen to any of us, and we may be the unlucky victim. As college students, we live in a world where everything is convenient, from cars, to fast food, causing us to be more sedentary and unhealthy. It is easy for us to slip into a sedentary lifestyle with no or irregular physical activity. With physical inactivity among threatening our well beings, and precipitating deadly diseases as diabetes, we need a change to better our lives. Problem: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2005, there were 20. million cases of diabetes among people aged 20 years to 44 years; according to the American Diabetes Association in 2011, there were 25. 6 million cases of diabetes among people aged 20 years to 44 years. A. So what is Diabetes? a. According to American Diabetes Association, diabetes is a disorder of sugar metabolism: It is when high blood glucose level occurs. There are 3 types of diabetes. b. A. Type 1 diabetes, or juvenile diabetes, is when there is no production of insulin-a hormone that guides sugar into cells and help convert it into energy. No insulin means no control of blood sugar. Only 5 percent of all diabetes cases are type 1 and mostly occur in young adults. a. The US Department of Education: Digest of Education Statistics, states that Each fall, 2. 3 million freshmen enroll in institutes of higher education in the U. S. Of these, 7, 700 will have type 1 diabetes, based on an estimated prevalence rate of 1 of every 300. B. Type 2 is when you don’t produce enough insulin, or your insulin is not working properly. Cells have become resistant to the insulin is not very effective. . The ADA describes Type 2 as the most common form of diabetes. In adults, type 2 diabetes, a condition that can be prevented, accounts for 90–95% of all diagnosed case. C. Stress Diabetes: using medication’s especially water pills (diuretics). It can often disappear when the stress is relieved. D. A 2007-2009 national survey data from American Diabetes Association states that for people diagnosed with diabetes aged 20 ye ars or older, 12. 6% of blacks, 11. 8% of Hispanics, 8. 4% of Asian Americans, and 7. 1% of whites. E. Causes of Diabetes? 1. According to Tom and Gena Metcalf, the authors of Diabetes, there are hereditary and environmental factors involved, and lifestyle. a. For type 2 diabetes, there is stronger link to family history than type 1. If both parents have it, there is 50 % of chance of getting it. If one parent has it, the risk is almost 3 times the general population risk. b. Environmental factors are: Dr. James Warram, a lecturer in epidemiology at Harvard School of Public states that one trigger might be cold weather. 2. Also affecting is age, obesity, lack of exercise. F. The Symptoms of diabetes are many factors. 1. Type 1 and 2 diabetes people can have blurred vision, urinary tract infections, blindness, foot ulcers that leads to limb amputations. 2. Symptoms can develop suddenly (over days or weeks), or gradually (over several years). a. Jane 47 year-old is a triple amputee, have undergone operations to remove both her legs and one arm due to Type 1 diabetes. She faces the prospect of losing her remaining arm in the near future because of diabetes. Imagine not having your legs, what a depressing life that would be. Solution: A. First option, you can do nothing about it. 1. Severe consequences can occur with uncontrolled diabetes. . You can get foot ulcers, blindness, leg amputations, and even death. b. According to the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse, in 2006, about 65,700 lower-limb amputations were performed in people with diabetes.. B. Second option is taking insulin therapy or oral medications. 1. For Type 1 diabetes, injectable insulin is used. 2. According to Doctor Diane Ell iot in Oregon health Science University, There are different types of oral drugs used to manage Type 2 diabetics: 3. Some side effects with metformin are nausea, vomiting, gas, bloating, diarrhea and loss of appetite. 4. The side effects and the cost of such medicine shows that medication might be at an expense physically and mentally to diabetics. a. It can cost a lot of money. The Website Cost Helper, what are people paying explains that for patients without health insurance, diabetes medication costs $200 to $500 or more a month for a multi-drug regimen. C. The third option, an important aspect in managing diabetes that doesn’t cost us a dime is exercise. 1. Hippocrates said â€Å"Walking is man’s best medicine. † Walking is one of the easiest and least expensive ways without needing any equipment’s to stay physically fit. There are no side effects for walking. Just good results. 2. According to Linn Goldberg, doctor and author of the Healing power of exercise, walking helps the body becomes more sensitive to insulin’s action, so sugar is more easily removed from bloodstream and blood glucose levels can normalize. 3. Expert from the National institutes of Health all advise 30 minutes or more of moderate to intense walking on most days of the week. You can walk in two 15 minute segments or three 10 minute. You can take a walk on the park, or on your treadmill. a. The cost is only 30 minutes from you day, while the reward outweighs it, saving your life from complications of diabetes. Visualization: D. Here are two stories of diabetics who chose two different paths to manage their diabetes. A. Choosing to walk 30 minutes a day can help you manage diabetes and even combat other diseases. You might know Della Reese, remember her in the TV series â€Å"Touched by an Angel† is America’s best loved celebrities diagnosed with diabetes Type 2. Her activities include walking on a treadmill to manage her diabetes. Now she parks a block away and walk. She knew one thing for sure that â€Å"ignorance and fear would kill you quicker than any disease. Now she is in charge of her diabetes and still living her entertainment life. B. Not walking 30 minutes a days to control your diabetes is a big mistake: Remember Jane, the 47 year old triple amputee who has failed to understand how deadly uncontrolled diabetes was, and now faces the possibility of losing her remaining arm in the future? She says ‘Diabetes is a condition that has to be respected otherwise the implications are horrendous. † Call to Action: So I want to urge you to start walking 30 minutes today, for a better tomorrow. If you walk regularly for 30 minutes a day, it can considerably help you control your diabetes and help you be fit and feel better. After surveying the class, I gathered that most of us would want to choose exercise for preference to prevent and or manage diabetes. Just realize that each mile a sedentary person walks will add 21 minutes to their life and save society 24 cents in medical and other costs according to the Rand Corporation, a well-known California based â€Å"think tank formed to offer research and analysis. So put on some comfortable shoes, and start walking 30 minutes a day. How to cite Diabetes, Papers Diabetes Free Essays Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a set of related diseases in which the body cannot regulate the amount of sugar (specifically, glucose) in the blood. The blood delivers glucose to provide the body with energy to perform all of a person’s daily activities. * The liver converts the food a person eats into glucose. We will write a custom essay sample on Diabetes or any similar topic only for you Order Now The glucose is then released into the bloodstream. * In a healthy person, the blood glucose level is regulated by several hormones, primarliy insulin. Insulin is produced by the pancreas, a small organ between the stomach and liver. The pancreas also makes other important enzymes released directly into the gut that helps digest food. * Insulin allows glucose to move out of the blood into cells throughout the body where it is used for fuel. * People with diabetes either do not produce enough insulin (type 1 diabetes) or cannot use insulin properly (type 2 diabetes), or both (which occurs with several forms of diabetes). * In diabetes, glucose in the blood cannot move efficiently into cells, so blood glucose levels remain high. This not only starves all the cells that need the glucose for fuel, but also harms certain organs and tissues exposed to the high glucose levels. Type 1 diabetes (T1D): The body stops producing insulin or produces too little insulin to regulate blood glucose level. * Type 1 diabetes involves about 10% of all people with diabetes in the United States. * Type 1 diabetes is typically diagnosed during childhood or adolescence. It used to be referred to as juvenile-onset diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes can occur in an older individual due to destruction of the pancreas by alcohol, disease, or removal by surgery. It also results from progressive failure of the pancreatic beta cells, the only cell type that produces significant amounts of insulin. * People with type 1 diabetes require insulin treatment daily to sustain life. Type 2 diabetes (T2D): Although the pancreas still secretes insulin, the body of someone with type 2 diabetes is partially or completel y unable to use this insulin. This is sometimes referred to as  insulin resistance. The pancreas tries to overcome this resistance by secreting more and more insulin. People with insulin resistance develop type 2 diabetes when they fail to secrete enough insulin to cope with their higher demands. * At least 90% of adult individuals with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. * Type 2 diabetes is typically diagnosed in adulthood, usually after age 45 years. It used to be called adult-onset diabetes mellitus, or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. These names are no longer used because type 2 diabetes does occur in younger people, and some people with type 2 diabetes require insulin therapy. Type 2 diabetes is usually controlled with  diet,  weight loss,  exercise, and oral medications. However, more than half of all people with type 2 diabetes require insulin to control their blood sugar levels at some point in the course of their illness. Gestational diabetes (GDM)  is a form of diabetes that occurs during the second half of  pregnancy. * Although gestational diabetes typically resolves after delivery of the baby, a woman who develop gestational diabetes is more likely than other women to develop type 2 diabetes later in life. Women with gestational diabetes are more likely to have large babies. Metabolic syndrome  (also referred to as syndrome X) is a set of abnormalities in which insulin-resistant diabetes (type 2 diabetes) is almost always present along with  hypertension  (high blood pressure), high fat levels in the blood (increased serum lipids, predominant  elevation of LDL cholesterol, decreased  HDL cholesterol, and  elevated triglycerides),  central obesity, and abnormalities in blood clotting and inflammatory responses. A high rate of  cardiovascular disease  is associated with metabolic syndrome. Prediabetes  is a common condition related to diabetes. In people with prediabetes, the blood sugar level is higher than normal but not yet high enough to be considered diagnostic of diabetes. * Prediabetes increases a person’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes,  heart disease, or  stroke. * Prediabetes can typically be reversed (without insulin or medication) with lifestyle changes such as losing a modest amount of weight and increasing physical activity levels. Weight loss can prevent, or at least delay, the onset of type 2 diabetes. * An international expert committee of the American Diabetes Association redefined the criteria for prediabetes, lowering the blood sugar level cut-off point for prediabetes. Approximately 20% more adults are now believed to have this condition and may develop diabetes within 10 years if they do make lifestyle changes such as exercising more and maintaining a healthy weight. About 17 million Americans (6. 2% of adults in North America) are believed to have diabetes. AIt has been estimated that about one third of adults with diabetes do not know they have diabetes. * About 1 million new cases of diabetes is diagnosed occur each year, and diabetes is the direct or indirect cause of at least 200,000 deaths each year. * The incidence of diabetes is increasing rapidly. This increase is due to many factors, but the most significant are the increasing incidence of obesity associated with the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle. Complications of diabetes Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes ultimately lead to high blood sugar levels, a condition called  hyperglycemia. Over a long period of time, hyperglycemia damages the retina of the eye, the blood vessels of the kidneys, the nerves, and other blood vessels. * Damage to the retina from diabetes (diabetic retinopathy) is a leading cause of blindness. * Damage to the kidneys from diabetes (diabetic nephropathy) is a leading cause of  kidney failure. * Damage to the nerves from diabetes (diabetic neuropathy) is a leading cause of foot  wounds  and ulcers, which frequently lead to  foot and leg amputations. Damage to the nerves in the autonomic nervous system can lead to paralysis of the stomach (gastroparesis),  chronic diarrhea, and an inability to control heart rate and blood pressure during postural changes. * Diabetes accelerates  atherosclerosis, (the formation of fatty plaques inside the arteries), which can lead to blockages or a clot (thrombus). Such changes can then lead to  heart attack, stroke, and decreased circulation in the arms and legs (peripheral vascular disease). * D iabetes predisposes people to elevated blood pressure, high levels of cholesterol and  triglycerides. These conditions both independently and together with hyperglycemia, increase the risk of heart disease,  kidney disease, and other blood vessel complications. Diabetes can contribute to a number of acute (short-lived) medical problems. * Many  infections  are associated with diabetes, and infections are frequently more dangerous in someone with diabetes because the body’s normal ability to fight infections is impaired. To compound the problem, infections may worsen glucose control, which further delays recovery from infection. Hypoglycemia  or low blood sugar, occurs intermittently in most people with diabetes. It can result from taking too much diabetes medication or insulin (sometimes called an  insulin reaction), missing a meal, exercising more than usual, drinking too much alcohol, or taking certain medications for other conditions. It is very important to recognize hypoglycemia and be prepared to treat it at all times. Headache, feeling dizzy, poor concentratio n, tremor of the hands, and sweating are common symptoms of hypoglycemia. A person can faint or have a  seizure  if blood sugar level become too low. Diabetic ketoacidosis  (DKA) is a serious condition in which uncontrolled hyperglycemia (usually due to complete lack of insulin or a relative deficiency of insulin) over time creates a buildup of ketones (acidic waste products ) in the blood. High levels of ketones can be very harmful. This typically happens to people with type 1 diabetes who do not have good blood glucose control. Diabetic ketoacidosis can be precipitated by infection,  stress, trauma, missing medications like insulin, or medical emergencies such as a stroke and heart attack. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome  is a serious condition in which the blood sugar level gets very high. The body tries to get rid of the excess blood sugar by eliminating it in the urine. This increases the amount of urine significantly, and often leads to  dehydrationà ‚  so severe that it can cause seizures,  coma, and even death. This syndrome typically occurs in people with type 2 diabetes who are not controlling their blood sugar levels, who have become dehydrated, or who have stress, injury, stroke, or are taking certain medications, like  steroids. Next Page: Diabetes Causes How to cite Diabetes, Papers Diabetes Free Essays Human life is marked with many difficult conditions which are costly to deal with and can leave some one desperate and hopeless with life. One of these conditions is diabetes which is defined as an illness generally characterized by the presence of sugar in the urine or excessive water in the urine, depending on the type of diabetes. It is a complex condition that has been on the fore front of scientific research and scientists have in the recent past introduced several measures . We will write a custom essay sample on Diabetes or any similar topic only for you Order Now which when put in practice can reduce the corresponding complication of this condition which otherwise could result to premature loss of life. It is in this interest that this research paper is written and it focuses on the current developments pertaining to diabetes as a condition. It gives a brief introduction, defines the different type of diabetes, causes, symptoms and the current impacts of diabetes to the society and economy. It also gives the current preventive measures aimed at reducing the effects of this condition. Types of diabetes Diabetes is defined as an illness which is generally characterized by the presence of glucose in the urine. There are three fundamentally different types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is associated with the failure of the body to produce insulin (Cummings, Decoster, 2005). It occurs when body’s infection fighting system fails against a particular part of the body. In this case, the pancreas is affected and rendered capable of only producing little or no insulin. Most victims of this type of insulin are young adults and children. This type of diabetes requires the injection of insulin for life time. The second type of diabetes is referred to as type 2 and is the most popular type of diabetes. It results from the resistance of the body to utilize the available insulin (Walker, et al, 2005). It is insulin independent and is associated with the old age, overweight and family history. On diagnosis, the pancreas is found to produce enough insulin but with time the insulin production decreases and there it also accommodates type 1 diabetes with time. The last type of diabetes is gestational and is commonly developed by pregnant women. It is associated with historical diabetes back ground and can result to diabetes type 2. Causes of diabetes Over time, scientist have tried to found out the major causes of diabetes but up to date there is no clearly identifiable solution to this importance issue (Judd, Fox, Sonksen, 2003). However, several factors have been identified as risk and should be overcome by everybody who is conscious of diabetes and wiling to eliminate it. The question of whether diabetes is hereditary is not clear but some research studies have shown that if a family is known to have been affected by diabetes then there is a high probability of passing the disease to the young generation (Judd, Fox, Sonksen, 2003).. Diabetes type 2 is commonly transmitted through hereditary. But can be prevented if the blood sugar level of the pregnant mother is controlled to normal. This makes it difficult for it to be passed to the child. Another major factor responsible for causing diabetes is diet. Eating a lot of starch, proteins and fats is risk to health (Decoster, 2001). A balanced diet is therefore essential for producing the necessary energy sufficient for the required body function. Eating much of these foods renders the pancreas incapable of producing enough insulin and hence an increase in the blood sugar level leading to diabetes. Excessive body weight which his often referred to as obesity is also known to another factor responsible for the cause of diabetes. Obesity means that there is excess fat in the body and insulin produce is insufficient to break down these fats to energy and this can amount to increased blood sugar level and hence diabetes (Decoster, 2001). Further to this, various viral infections are can affect the proper functioning of the pancreas and hence the production of insulin. This undoubtedly can lead to diabetes. In addition to this age, frequent smoking and emotional stress are other commonest causes of diabetes. As a person gets old, he becomes less active, increases in weight resulting to kidney failure (Zieve, Wexler, 2009). Emotional stress affects the metabolic system and can alter the glucose level in the body. Heavy smoking affects joint mobility and metabolism and can result to alteration of the blood sugar level in the body. Symptoms of diabetes Diabetes type 1 is marked by symptoms which developed within a very short time despite the fact that destruction of beta cells earlier. The common symptoms are increased urination and desire to drink water, high rate of loss of weight, constant hunger, high fatigue and blurred vision (Ligaray, Isley, 2010). Diabetes type is characterized by gradual development of symptoms. These symptoms include slow healing of wounds, often infections, increased thirsty and loss of weight and fatigue. Prevention and cure of diabetes Up to date, a cure for diabetes type 2 has not yet been found but type1 can be cured by pancreas or beta cells replacement. Since it is insulin dependent, it can be suppressed by daily injection of insulin to sustain life (Judd, Fox, Sonksen, 2003). Type 2 cannot be cured since it is insulin independent but can be prevented and managed through the following methods. One is by controlling deity. Eating a well balanced diet reduces the chances of increasing the blood sugar level and hence increasing the chances of getting diabetes or more complications for the diabetic people. Another mechanism of preventing the development of diabetes or diabetic related complications is by preventing obesity. This is achieved by doing exercise and eating less fat. Good diet and reduction of weight will slow the aging process which has been described as a factor responsible for the cause of diabetes (Cummings, Decoster, 2005). Still, quitting or reducing smoking and avoiding emotional stress helps in maintaining the blood sugar content normal. Lastly is carrying out a diabetic test and following the instructions of the doctor. This is because diabetes is easily managed when diagnosed at early stages. Complication and Impact of diabetes Diabetes in the recent past was declared a world deserter and pledged with the international community to join hands in compacting diabetes. Some of the complications that can be developed as a result of diabetes are; damage of the retina hence loss of sight, damage of the kidney and therefore kidney failure, damage to the nervous system and hence mental retardation and lastly is high and low blood pressure (Walker, et al, 2005). Conclusion In conclusion therefore, diabetes is a chronicle condition which should be addressed by the international community because of the incurable complications it can bring to the body. The three types of diabetes discussed above are more preventable than curable and therefore it is the responsibility of everyone who is conscious of his health to control diet, do physical exercise and often have a test of the blood sugar level. How to cite Diabetes, Papers